Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave

Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave (born April 6, 1863 in Anse-à-Veau ( Département Nippes ), † July 26, 1926 in Anse-à-Veau) was a Haitian politician and President of Haiti .

biography

After graduating, he worked as a teacher and later as a judge.

He began his political career as a member of the Chamber of Deputies ( Chambre des Deputées ) and then continued as Senator and President of the Senate.

After President General Jean Vilbrun Guillaume Sam fled to the building of the Embassy of France on July 28, 1915 and was killed there by an angry crowd, the USA launched an invasion by the United States Marines on the same day .

Within a short time, the USA held a presidential election, from which Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave emerged as the new President of Haiti on August 12, 1915 , since the USA under the command of the occupying power, Admiral William B. Caperton , the other presidential candidates, the nationalists and leaders the rebellious smallholder farmers ( cacos ) Rosalvo Bobo and the patriot JN Leger, declined.

Shortly afterwards, Haiti became a de facto US protectorate . For the next 19 years, the USA remained represented by its troops and a High Commissioner as the occupying power in Haiti. The contract he signed with the occupying power provided for the control of customs duties , the establishment of a gendarmerie , the appointment of a US financial advisor who withheld the diets of the MPs for a while, and American aid for health care and public works.

As a helper of the American occupation , he dissolved the army and parliament ( Assemblée Nationale ) and suspended the constitution . In the course of time, however, he opposed the American occupation forces, which meant that he was not re-elected.

Instead, on April 10, 1922, Louis Bornó was elected as the successor of Dartiguenave as president by the Conseil d'État introduced by the 1918 constitution, to the surprise of the USA, and officially sworn in as president on May 15, 1922. It was the first peaceful transfer of power in Haiti's history .

literature

  • Hans Schmidt: The United States Occupation of Haiti, 1915-1934 . Rutgers University Press, 1971, ISBN 0-8135-2203-X , pp. 72 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  • Renda, Mary: "Taking Haiti: Military Occupation And The Culture Of US Imperialism 1915-1940" , 2001, ISBN 0-8078-2628-6 ( online )

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Guma, Greg: "Occupational Hazards: The First US Takeover Of Haiti Set The Stage For Later Interventions" , CommonDreams.org, 2004 ( Memento of the original from May 15, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and still Not checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.commondreams.org
  2. ^ "The First US Occupation Of Haiti," Haiti Progres, August 2002
  3. ↑ Scott, Helen: "Haiti Under Siege - 200 Years Of US Imperialism," International Socialist Review, May / June 2004
  4. ↑ "Hayti elects President Louis Borno, Cabinet Member, Said To Represent Conservatives" , New York Times on April 11 1922
predecessor Office successor
Jean Vilbrun Guillaume Sam President of Haiti
August 12, 1915-15. May 1922 		Louis Bornó
personal data
SURNAME Dartiguenave, Philippe Sudré
BRIEF DESCRIPTION President of Haiti
DATE OF BIRTH April 6, 1863
PLACE OF BIRTH Anse-à-Veau , Nippes department
DATE OF DEATH July 26, 1926
Place of death Anse-à-Veau