Piedmont glass snail

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Piedmont glass snail
Piedmont glass snail (Phenacolimax stabilei, from Pollonera 1884: plate 10, fig. 33–35 [1])

Piedmont glass snail ( Phenacolimax stabilei , from Pollonera 1884: plate 10, fig. 33-35)

Systematics
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Limacoidea
Family : Glass snails (Vitrinidae)
Subfamily : Plutoniinae
Genre : Phenacolimax
Type : Piedmont glass snail
Scientific name
Phenacolimax stabilei
( Lessona , 1880)

The Piedmont glass snail ( Phenacolimax stabilei ) is a "half- nudibranch " from the family of glass snails (Vitrinidae), which is counted among the land snails (Stylommatophora). The animals can no longer completely withdraw into the small housing.

features

The right-hand winding housing is flat-conical, the thread is only slightly raised in the side view. It measures 6.5 to 8.5 mm in diameter (width). It has three rapidly growing turns. On the top, the turns are only slightly arched and form a weak seam. The last turn increases faster. The mouth is almost horizontal and oblong-ovoid. The mouth edge straight and pointed. The edge of the skin is narrow and crescent-shaped.

The shell is thin and fragile. It's yellowish and translucent. The embryonic housing has irregularly arranged and relatively far apart dimples, which, however, leave out the initial part. The Teleoconchs shows very fine, irregular growth strips; the surface is smooth and shiny.

The soft body is gray, in young animals mostly light gray. The jacket flap that lies on the housing has a black border and can reach the housing appendix. The coat extends forward to the base of the eye bearer. When stretched out, the animal reaches a length of up to 17 mm.

In the hermaphroditic genitalia, the spermatic duct (vas deferens) is very short. It opens into the penis near the atrium. The penis club-shaped and moderately long. The thickness decreases by about half in the last third of the penis length. The penile retractor muscle attaches apically. In the female tract, the free fallopian tube is short and very thin. The vagina is more than twice as long and very swollen. The upper part of the vagina is surrounded by a gland and is made up of thick muscular tissue. This narrows down to a small opening that continues down into a vaginal papilla and opens into the swollen lower vaginal area. The papilla of the vagina is very blunt and barely extends into the lower part of the vagina. The upper part of the vagina is surrounded by glandular tissue.

Phenacolimax major (A. Férussac, 1807) (upper three figures) and Phenacolimax stabilei (Lessona, 1880) (lower three figures) in comparison (after Pollonera, 1889: plate 2, fig. 11-16)

Similar species

The shell of the Piedmont glass snail is more flattened than that of the large glass snail ( Phenacolimax major ). It also has about a third to half a turn less for the same size, and is also a little larger overall. The end turn is wider and falls off more slowly than with the large glass snail. In the latter type, the dimples on the embryonic casing are denser, arranged in spiral lines, and also cover the initial part. The vaginal papilla is blunt and barely extends into the lower part of the vagina; in the cochlea, the vaginal papilla is larger, tapered, and extends into the lower part of the vagina.

Distribution of the species (according to Welter-Schultes, 2012)

Geographical distribution and habitat

The species is restricted to a small area in the French and Italian western Alps (Cottian Alps, Alpes Martimes). It occurs there at altitudes from 2000 to 2800 m. In the Alpes Maritimes (upper part of the Gorge de Cians) it was found at 1,800 m above sea level.

According to fencers and falconers, Phenacolimax stabilei is said to occur in moist mountain forests, which, however, does not agree with the previously published sites. They are mostly above the tree line. Eugène Caziot found the species at a source of a stream (to the Cians) (at 1800 m) under moss-covered stones with constant humidity.

Taxonomy

The taxon was established by Mario Lessona in 1880 as Vitrina (Phenacolimax) major var. Stabilei . It is now generally recognized and is placed in the genus Phenacolimax Stabile, 1859.

Danger

According to the IUCN, there is not enough data (data deficient) to be able to assess the hazardous situation more precisely.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Carlo Pollonera: Monografia del Genere Vitrina. Atti della Reale Accademia delle scienze di Torino, 19: 322-342, 1884. Online at Biodiversity Heritage Library , p. 335.
  2. ^ Carlo Pollonera: Note malacologiche. Bullettino della Società Malacologica Italiana, 14: 49-64, Pisa 1889 Online at Biodiversity Heritage Library , p. 54 plate 2
  3. ^ A b Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (S. 427)
  4. ^ A b Mario Lessona: Molluschi viventi del Piemonte. Memorie della Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei (3) 7 (277): 317-380, Rome, 1880. p. 338, plate 4, fig. 5-7.
  5. ↑ a b A. J. de Winter: Little known land snails from the French Alps (Pulmonata). Basteria, 54: 227-237, 1990 PDF
  6. ^ Eugène Caziot: Invasion d'une Vitrina Piémontaise. La feuille des jeunes naturalistes: revue mensuelle d'histoire naturelle, 42: 27-28, 1912 Online at Biodiversity Heritage Library
  7. ^ Rosina Fechter, Gerhard Falkner: Molluscs. 287 p., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10) ISBN 3-570-03414-3 , p. 174.
  8. ↑ AnimalBase: Phenacolimax stabilei (Lessona, 1880)
  9. ↑ Fauna Europaea: Phenacolimax major (A. Férussac, 1807)
  10. ↑ MolluscaBase: Phenacolimax stabilei (Lessona, 1884)
  11. ↑ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Phenacolimax stabilei