Piccolo trumpet
The piccolo trumpet or small trumpet is a brass instrument and refers to a valve - trumpet higher mood and leaner bell-shape than the usual ( "normal") C- and B-tuned trumpets. They are available in the tunings F, G, high B / A and high B / C. In the high tunings it is usually equipped with an additional fourth quart valve so that even lower notes can be played with it. The fourth valve is partly also designed in the pipe run of the third valve, so that the valves can only be operated in combination. Modern piccolo trumpets are usually equipped with trigger devices so that the often poor intonation (the shift in natural tones resulting from an unfavorable length ) of the instrument does not have to be completely compensated for by the attachment .
The small trumpet (in D) is a transposing instrument whose sound is a major second higher than notated. Before the invention of the high piccolo trumpets, the D major parts were played on this instrument.
history
Julius Kosleck was one of the first trumpeters to play a straight, two-valve trumpet in high A. He founded the idea of shortening the trumpet to our now-known piccolo trumpet, which was then developed in the first quarter of the 20th century, primarily to represent the high-lying trumpet parts of baroque music . Kosleck is also considered to be the "inventor" of the wrong term Bach trumpet . Johann Sebastian Bach never saw or heard such an instrument, as the valves were only invented at the beginning of the 19th century. The piccolo trumpet must not be confused with the actual baroque trumpet , which has no valves and is used in historical performance practice .
use
The range begins with the dashed d (max. Des). As with the big trumpets, the upper limits depend on the individual skills of the wind player. The piccolo trumpet does not automatically guarantee a range that is extended in height. On the piccolo trumpet, however, it is often easier to accurately achieve high notes that can also be played on a large trumpet. The piccolo trumpet therefore requires less effort in terms of accuracy. The instrument is in tune and intones better in high notes than a normal Bb trumpet in this pitch.
The timbre is very typical (slim, narrow, pointed) and therefore clearly distinguishable from that of a large trumpet. The piccolo trumpet has therefore not established itself at all in jazz (solo, combo, big band), but because of its timbre it was sometimes expressly prescribed by classical composers for solo parts in orchestral works or trumpet concerts.
Well-known pioneer of the piccolo trumpet
literature
- Wieland Ziegenrücker: General music theory with questions and tasks for self-control. German Publishing House for Music, Leipzig 1977; Paperback edition: Wilhelm Goldmann Verlag, and Musikverlag B. Schott's Sons, Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-442-33003-3 , pp. 175 and 181.
Web links
- maurice-andre.fr: Modèles de trompettes piccolo (French)
Individual evidence
- ^ Freidel Keim: Das Trompeter-Taschenbuch. Schott, Mainz 1999, ISBN 3-254-08377-6 , p. 73.