Pinchas Joyful

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Pinchas Freudiger , also Fülöp Freudiger, Philip von Freudiger (born 1900 in Budapest , Austria-Hungary ; died 1976 in Israel ) was a Hungarian-Israeli factory owner and Jewish community leader.

Life

Philip von Freudiger was a grandson of the textile manufacturer Mózes Freudiger (1833-1911), who was one of the founders of the Jewish Orthodox community in Budapest and was raised to the nobility. He studied and joined the family business. He was a member of the Jewish Orthodox community council in Budapest and took over its chairmanship in 1939, succeeding his late father Abraham Freudiger (1868–1939). In Hungary, since 1938, the authoritarian Horthy regime passed stricter anti-Semitic laws to isolate Jews socially. After the German invasion of Poland in 1939, a few Jews managed to flee to Hungary. Freudiger and others created support organizations for the care and onward travel of these people, while the Jews of Hungarian nationality felt safe in the country despite the anti-Semitism. In 1941 there was a massive expulsion of stateless Jews from Hungary and the territories it had gained to the conquered Ukraine and, as a result, their murder in the Kamenets-Podolsk massacre . In the war against the Soviet Union in 1941, the Jewish men were not recruited for the Hungarian army, but were deployed in labor battalions that were stationed behind the front. The legal basis for this was created with anti-Semitic laws in 1939. In 1942 Freudiger's community supported the persecuted Jews in Slovakia , most of whom had already been deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp at that time, with 50,000 pengő ( CHF 40,000), who wanted to use the money as a bribe.

After the German occupation of Hungary on March 19, 1944, Freudiger and Samu Stern were appointed as representatives of the Orthodox community for the seven-member Jewish Council in Budapest, which was ordered by the Germans . In Hungary, from April 27, 1944 to July 11, 1944, according to the German ambassador Edmund Veesenmayer of the Eichmann Command and his helpers in the Hungarian administration and gendarmerie, 437,000 Jews were deported from the Hungarian provinces to the Auschwitz concentration camp , where most of them were murdered. Freudiger very quickly had an approximate knowledge of the methods of extermination in Auschwitz, but he only had a copy and translation of the Vrba-Wetzler report in his hands at the beginning of June, which he received from Michael Ber Weissmandl in Bratislava . The Budapest Jews tried to have the Horthy regime end the deportations, which they succeeded.

Freudiger belonged to the group of Budapest Jews who were ransomed by Rudolf Kastner from SS officer Dieter Wisliceny . However, by order of Hermann Krumey he had to stay in Budapest as a member of the Judenrat. With Wisliceny's help, Freudiger received passports from Theodor Horst Grell at the German embassy , issued to Romanians wishing to return home, and was able to leave Budapest with his large family on August 11, 1944 for Romania , an ally of the German Empire , on whose territory there were no deportations. In September 1944, at the request of Wilhelm Filderman , he wrote a report with Alexander Diamant and Yohanan Link on the Holocaust in Hungary, which he verified at the Eichmann trial in 1961.

Freudiger emigrated to Palestine at the end of 1945 .

In 1958 he gave testimony to the public prosecutor's office in Frankfurt am Main, which investigated those responsible in the order channels of the German occupiers in Hungary.

Freudiger's functions and behavior in Hungary were mentioned in connection with the controversial question of the role of the Jewish councils in the deportation of Hungarian Jews, which was raised by Hannah Arendt , among others . It was happier on 24./25. May 1961 witness in the Eichmann trial . In 1972 he gave an interview with the historian Randolph L. Braham .

literature

  • Randolph L. Braham: The Politics of Genocide: The Holocaust in Hungary . New York: Columbia University Press, 1981
  • Mária Schmidt: Kollaboráció vagy kooperáció? A Budapesti Zsidó Tanács . Budapest :: Minerva, 1990 ISBN 963-223-438-3
  • Randolph L. Braham: Freudiger, Fülöp , in: Encyclopedia of the Holocaust , 1990, Volume 2, pp. 532f.
  • Freudiger, Fülöp , in: Walter Laqueur (Ed.): The Holocaust encyclopedia . New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 2001, ISBN 0-300-08432-3 , p. 225

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Freudiger, Fulop , at Shoah Resource Center, The International School for Holocaust Studies, Yad Vashem
  2. ↑ Randolph L. Braham: The Politics of Genocide , 1990, pp. 108f.
  3. ↑ a b c Statement at the Eichmann trial in 1961
  4. ^ Stern, Samu , in: The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe
  5. ↑ Randolph L. Braham: The Politics of Genocide , 1990, pp. 711f.
  6. ↑ Yehuda Bauer : Comments on the “Auschwitz Report” by Rudolf Vrba. In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte . Vol. 45 (1997), H. 2, pp. 297-308 ( PDF )
  7. ↑ Randolph L. Braham: The Politics of Genocide , 1990, p. 427; P. 791
  8. ↑ Ruth Bettina Birn : A German public prosecutor in Jerusalem. To the knowledge of the prosecution in the Eichmann trial and the law enforcement authorities of the Federal Republic . In: Werner Renz (Hrsg.): Interests around Eichmann: Israeli justice, German criminal prosecution and old comradeships . Frankfurt: Campus-Verl., 2012 ISBN 978-3-593-39750-4 , p. 105, fn. 65
personal data
SURNAME Joyful, pinchas
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Joyful, Philip of; Joyful, Fülöp
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian manufacturer
DATE OF BIRTH 1900
PLACE OF BIRTH Budapest
DATE OF DEATH 1976
Place of death Israel