Pyotr Nikititsch Tkachev

Pyotr Nikititsch Tkachev (also: Tkachev ; Russian Пётр Ники́тич Ткачёв ; born July 11, 1844 in Siwzowo near Velikiye Luki ; †  January 4, 1886 in Paris ) was a Russian theorist of terrorism .

biography

Pyotr Tkachev was born in 1840 into an impoverished family of the lower nobility. In August 1861 he enrolled at the St. Petersburg University in the field of law, where he was intensely involved in the student unrest. He was arrested on October 12, 1861 and spent two months in the Kronstadt fortress , which strengthened his militant mood. He was arrested a second time in mid-1862 after Tkachev's papers were found on a former inmate of his, Leonid Olischewski , demanding that the Tsar be eliminated immediately. With a good defense, he managed to get a prison sentence of only three months. After serving his imprisonment, he went to the country to prepare for his law exam, which he passed with honors in 1867 or early 1868, whereupon he received the title of candidate of rights .

Since 1862 Tkachev wrote for various magazines. His first articles were by no means radical, but dealt with legal issues and book reviews. After coming into contact with the writings of Karl Marx in 1865 , he devoted himself to historical materialism. In the same year he became an employee of the radical magazine Russkoe Slowo ( The Russian Word ) and developed through this activity into a consistent revolutionary. After the magazine was closed in 1866, Tkachev published the magazine Lutsch ( The Ray of Light ) and became an employee of Delo ( The Thing ). In 1869 he was arrested again for a short time for his journalistic activities. From 1868 to 1869 he and Sergei Nechayev headed the revolutionary wing of the Petersburg students. Because of this activity he was arrested again and, after two years of pre-trial detention, sentenced on July 15, 1871 to 16 months in prison and subsequent exile to Siberia, which was, however, reduced to exile in his hometown. Until December 1873 Nechayev lived on his parents' estate.

From 1873 to 1880 Tkachev lived in Switzerland and was editor of the magazine Nabat ( The Storm Bell ) in Geneva with a Blanquist- terrorist orientation. Pyotr Lavrov had refused to work on the more moderate magazine Vperjod ( Forward ) .

In early 1880, Tkachev planned to move the printing works from Nabat to Russia, but the company failed. In the same year he moved to Paris and worked there for the magazine Ni Dieu, ni maitre by Auguste Blanqui . Since 1882 he began to show symptoms of a mental illness, which led to his last lifetime being increasingly in a state of dawning. On January 4, 1886, Pyotr Tkachev died at the age of 42 in a Paris hospital.

Works

• Izbrannyye sochinenija w 6 t . Moscow, 1932–37. (Russian)
• Sochinenija w 2 t . Moscow, Mysl, 1975-76. (Russian)
• Isbrannyye literaturno-Kriticheskie stati . Moscow, Leningrad, 1928. (Russian)
• Anarchija mysli . London, 1879. (Russian)

literature

• Albert Loren Weeks: The first Bolshevik: a political biography of Peter Tkachev . New York University Press; 1968 (english)
• Deborah Hardy: Petr Tkachev: The Critic as Jacobin . Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1977. (English)
• Astrid von Borcke: The origins of Bolshevism . Johannes Berchmans Verlag, Munich 1977, pp. 327-360.
• Jacob L. Talmon: The History of Totalitarian Democracy , Vol. III, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2013, pp. 378–394.

Web links

• Ткачев, Петр Никитич , article in Brockhaus-Efron (Russian)
• Pyotr Tkachev on slovari.yandex.ru (Russian)
• Pyotr Tkachev on hrono.ru (Russian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Jacob L. Talmon: The History of Totalitarian Democracy , Volume 3, Göttingen 2013, p. 378.
2. ^ Astrid von Borcke: The origins of Bolschewismus , Munich 1977, p. 330 f.
3. ↑ Astrid von Borcke: The origins of Bolshevism , pp. 331–333.
4. ^ Astrid von Borcke, The Origins of Bolshevism , p. 339.