Pyotr Veliky (1872)
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| Builder: | Galerny shipyard |
| Keel laying: | June 1, 1869 |
| Launch: | August 27, 1872 |
| Commissioning: | October 14, 1876 |
| Period of service: | 1876-1959 |
| Displacement: | 10,400 t |
| Length: | 103.5 m |
| Width: | 19 m |
| Draft: | 8.3 m |
| Drive: |
from 1881/82:
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| Speed: | 14 kn |
| Range: | |
| Crew: | 440 |
| Armament: | Guns:
after renovation 1905/06:
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| Armor: |
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The Pjotr Veliki ( Russian Пётр Великий ) was one of the first battleships ( Russian броненосец ) of the Imperial Russian Navy . According to the design features, it is a tower ship . The ship was officially known as the Monitor until January 1874 . Battleships of this era are also known as "Ironclad" or armored ship .
The ship was designed by Rear Admiral Andrei Alexandrovich Popov ( Russian Андрей Александрович Попов ). The design was based on the British Devastation class . The ship was piled up on Galley Island in 1869. Originally referred to as a cruiser ( Russian Крейсер ), it was launched on May 30 or May 28 jul. / June 9, 1872 greg. on the occasion of the bicentenary of the birth of Peter the Great in Pyotr Veliky renamed. The launch took place on August 27, 1872. Subsequently, the first weaknesses in the concept became apparent. The test drive in October 1874 was considered a failure because the bolts were bent. When the heavy artillery was fired in in 1876, the ship was badly damaged. Nevertheless, the ship was put into service.
The machinery at Baird (St. Petersburg) was found to be unsatisfactory. In 1881 the ship was rebuilt at Randolph and Elder in Glasgow for £ 52,000 . It was only here that the damage from sighting in was also repaired. As the flagship of a Baltic squadron, she made a trip to the Mediterranean in 1881. Another conversion, this time into a training ship for artillerymen , took place in 1903. The next repair had to be carried out in 1908 because the ship ran aground near Revelstein in May. From 1917 the ship was used as a floating base for the submarines of the Baltic fleet . From February 25 to 26, 1918, the ship was transferred from Reval to Helsingfors , from April 11 to 14, 1918 from there to Kronstadt and decommissioned on April 28. On May 21, 1921, the armament was removed and the ship was aground as a block ship in the war port of Kronstadt. On September 23, 1924, the ship was thrown onto a shoal during a storm surge, but was not lifted by EPRON until October 5, 1927 , then repaired and put back into service. During the Soviet-Finnish and German-Soviet wars , the ship was used to support mine laymen. On April 18, 1959, the ship was removed from the fleet list of the Soviet naval fleet and canceled in Leningrad in the same year.
Despite the major mishaps at the beginning of the ship's career, the ship received international attention in the press.
Technical features
The machine system originally consisted of a horizontal plunger steam engine with twelve boilers, which acted on two propellers. The ship had a freeboard of 2.4 meters. The hull was indented behind the second tank turret, creating a platform over half the width of the ship. The belt consisted of two 178 millimeter thick steel strips. There was wood reinforcement 559 millimeters thick between the metal strips. The belt ran the entire length of the ship. Amidships was the 48.8 meter long citadel, on which there was a narrow deck structure. The Pjotr Veliki was the only larger warship that was completed in Russia within 16 years.
literature
- В.В. Арбузов: Броненосец "Петр Великий". 1993
- Tony Gibbons: The World of Ships. Bassermann Verlag 2007, ISBN 978-3-8094-2186-3 . Page 274
- Bernhard Gomm: The Russian warships 1856-1917. Vol. 1 screw ships of the line, armored ships, ships of the line, battleships, battle cruisers, aircraft carriers. Wiesbaden 1992
Web links
- МОНИТОРЫ ВЫХОДЯТ В МОРЕ / (Russian)
- Петр Великий (Russian)
- Петр Великий ( Memento from September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (Russian)
- Для эскадренного боя (Russian)