Laceration
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| T14 | Injury to an unspecified part of the body |
| T14.1 | Open wound on an unspecified part of the body |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
A laceration (also crack-bruise , laceration , Latin: Vulnus lacero-contusum) usually describes a skin damage ( wound ) that has arisen as a result of blunt trauma .
Origin and characteristics
Place wounds caused by impact of a blunt or sharp object to the skin at points where the skin and subcutaneous rest directly the bone so that it can form an abutment. This is primarily the scalp around the forehead and skullcap , the skin over the shins and ankles as well as over the elbow joints and the kneecaps . In the skull in particular, there is often heavy bleeding in relation to the size of the wound.
The tear and crush sores, which are also mostly caused by blunt force, must be distinguished from the pure laceration . Here there is also a shearing / exfoliation of the skin from the subcutaneous tissue and muscles; the skin tears open beyond the point of direct violence and the subcutaneous fatty tissue tears, often with the formation of sore pockets. The skin here is often torn irregularly, the wound soiled and often contaminated with bacteria . There may also be bruises around the wound . It is often not possible to clearly differentiate between the two types of wound. In clinical usage, too, the two terms are only vaguely differentiated from one another. In the specialist literature, both types of wounds are often summarized under the term laceration.
therapy
The first aid includes the sterile wound covering and, if necessary, the application of a compressive bandage ( pressure bandage ) to stop bleeding. With medical wound treatment - if the wound is clean - there is no need to cut out the edge of the wound. After disinfecting cleaning, the edges of the wound are brought closer together with as little tension as possible and treated with "cling plasters", sutures , metal clips or cyanoacrylate adhesive . Wound healing disorders only have to be expected in the case of poor blood circulation - for example in the case of shin splits and the simultaneous presence of an arterial occlusive disease .
If the wound is not a simple laceration, but rather a cracked bruise with an irregularly torn wound edge damaged by bruising and damage to the subcutaneous fatty tissue, the wound edges should usually be cut out and straightened before the suture ("Friedrichsche wound care") and the wound bed should be thoroughly cleaned . Wound pockets often require drainage to drain away secretions. The healing can be endangered by wound infections , deep, confusing wound pockets increase the risk of tetanus , which is why the tetanus protection must be checked and, if necessary, completed.
literature
- S1 guideline for wounds and wound treatment of the German Society for Pediatric Surgery (DGKCH). In: AWMF online (as of 2014)
- Doris Henne-Bruns, Michael Dürig, Bernd Kremer (eds.): Dual series - surgery . 3., completely revised. and exp. Ed. Thieme, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-13-125293-7 .
- Wolfgang Schwerd (Hrsg.): Brief textbook of forensic medicine for doctors and lawyers. Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag, Cologne-Lövenich, 3rd, revised and expanded edition 1979, ISBN 3-7691-0050-6 , p. 38 f. ( Skin wounds ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ See for example G. Souza-Offtermatt u. a .: Intensive surgery course. Elsevier, Urban & Fischer, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-437-43490-X , p. 65.
