Poète maudit
Poète maudit (dt. Ostracized poet ) describes a standard of living in literary and artistic circles that has been standardized since the second half of the 19th century . As Poète maudit the talented true avant-garde writer who raises to the margins of society and the values that he suffers as vulgar, knocking back a provocative and often self-destructive way. The type of Poète maudit also means that his artistic work is only recognized after his (often early) death.
The term appears for the first time in Alfred de Vigny , in whose drama Stello from 1832 the poets “la race toujours maudite par les puissants de la terre” (“the race that has always been ostracized by the mighty on earth”) are mentioned. However, it was firmly shaped by the book Les Poètes maudits by Paul Verlaine , which appeared in 1884 and is a homage to the group of poets of the Parnassia during the end of the Second Empire and the beginning of the Third Republic . Verlaine presents the people and works of Tristan Corbière , Arthur Rimbaud , Stéphane Mallarmé , Marceline Desbordes-Valmore , Villiers de L'Isle Adam and himself under the pseudonym Pauvre Lelian (an anagram of his own name).
François Villon is already considered the prototype of the Poète maudit , but the type is ultimately an appearance of the modern age . Particularly noteworthy are the French poets of the upheaval from Romanticism to Symbolism and Impressionism , ie in addition to the authors presented by Verlaine, for example B. Gérard de Nerval , Charles Baudelaire or Alfred Jarry as well as Edgar Allan Poe, who was made at home in France by Baudelaire .
The term also crossed genre boundaries in the 20th century and applied to other artists as pure poets. As Poètes maudits example, apply Jim Morrison or Klaus Kinski .
Web links
- Encyclopaedia Britannica : poete-maudit (engl.)