Polish-Soviet evacuation treaty

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The Polish-Soviet evacuation treaty was a treaty under international law between the Republic of Poland and the Soviet Union on a “minority exchange ” in the eastern areas of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union in 1939 and related citizenship issues. It was signed on July 6, 1945.

history

In view of the Soviet occupation of eastern Poland , the differences between the Soviet Union and the Polish government- in- exile in London seemed insurmountable. One week after Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union , on July 30, 1941, under pressure from the British government, the Polish Prime Minister Władysław Sikorski and the Soviet Ambassador to Great Britain Iwan Maiski signed the Sikorskii in the presence of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and British Foreign Minister Anthony Eden. Maiski agreement .

On January 11, 1944, the Soviet Union issued a declaration on the restitution of an independent Polish state within the Curzon Line . At the Yalta Conference , Great Britain and the USA confirmed the Curzon Line as Poland's future eastern border. The treaty of July 6, 1945 essentially confirmed the evacuation treaties of the Polish Committee of National Liberation with the Belarusian, Lithuanian and Ukrainian SSR of September 9, 1944. The evacuation treaty was of great importance under international law, as it was signed by the internationally recognized Polish government had been. The day before, on July 5, 1945, the USA and Great Britain withdrew the recognition of the Polish government- in- exile in London. As a special gesture of benevolence towards the communist-dominated Polish government, the US intended to announce its recognition on July 4th, US Independence Day . Jan Ciechanowski , the Polish ambassador to the government-in-exile, was able to soften this act, which was embarrassing for his government, by having it postponed to the following day.

The exacuation treaty was confirmed again by the 1st Polish-Soviet Border Treaty on August 16, 1945 and the 2nd Polish-Soviet Border Treaty on February 15, 1951. Since it was closed immediately before the Potsdam Conference , the border regulation between Poland and the Soviet Union was already completed and no longer the subject of the Potsdam post-war regulation. Poland now demanded compensation for the repatriation in Poland after the Second World War , which it had consented to. The treaty was therefore the basis for a territorial compensation between Poland and the German eastern territories and at the same time the beginning of a homogeneous ethnic Polish community in the People's Republic of Poland.

content

In this treaty, the People's Republic of Poland renounces its possessions east of the Curzon Line in favor of the Soviet Union . At the same time, this side granted all Polish or Jewish citizens living in the USSR the right to give up Russian citizenship and to travel to Poland. Likewise, people of Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Ruthenian and Lithuanian ethnicity living in Poland were given the right to discard Polish citizenship and move to the USSR.

literature

  • Philipp Ther: German and Polish expellees, society and expellee policy in the Soviet Zone / GDR and in Poland 1945–1956. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1998, ISBN 978-3-525-35790-3 .
  • Katrin Boeckh: Stalinism in Ukraine: The Reconstruction of the Soviet System after the Second World War. Publications of the Eastern European Institute Munich, 2007, ISBN 3-447-05538-3 .

Remarks

  1. ↑ Poln .: Umowa między Tymczasowym Rządem Jedności Narodowej RP a rządem ZSRR o prawie zmiany obywatelstwa radzieckiego osób narodowości polskiej i Żydowskiej, mieszkających w ZSRR I i ewakuacji do Polski io prawie zmiany obywatelstwa polskiego osób narodowości rosyjskiej, ukraińskiej, białoruskiej, rusińskiej i litewskiej mieszkających w Polsce i ich ewakuacji do ZSRR , dt .: Agreement between the Provisional Government of National Unity and the Government of the USSR on the right of persons of Polish and Jewish nationality living in the USSR to give up their Soviet citizenship and their evacuation to Poland and about the right of Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Russian and Lithuanian persons in Poland to give up their Polish citizenship and their evacuation to the USSR
  2. ↑ katyncrime.pl: Events 1941–1942 ( Memento of December 12, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on June 29, 2010
  3. ↑ AAN, ZC PUR, sygn II / 3, sheets 134-138
  4. ^ Philipp Ther: German and Polish expellees, p. 136
  5. ↑ Jan Ciechanowski: "Vergeblicher Sieg", Thomas Verlag, Zurich, p. 203
  6. ↑ Hans-Peter Schwarz (Ed.): Files on the Foreign Policy of the Federal Republic of Germany. 1953 Volume 1: January 1 to June 30, 1953. Institute for Contemporary History, Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-486-56560-5 , p. 474.