Pomeranian Bridge
Coordinates: 51 ° 6 ′ 55 ″ N , 17 ° 1 ′ 50 ″ E
| Pomeranian Bridge | ||
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| Official name | 1. most Pomorski Północny 2. most Pomorski Środkowy 3. most Pomorski Południowy |
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| use | Road bridge, tram bridge | |
| Crossing of | Or (Süderoder, Citizen Lock Canal, Norderoder) | |
| place | Wroclaw | |
| Entertained by | Zarząd Dróg i Utrzymania Miasta we Wrocławiu | |
| construction | 1. Brick arch bridge 2. Beam bridge (wrought iron and steel) 3. Steel beam bridge |
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| overall length | 68 + 17 + 86.1 m | |
| width | 18.0 / 20.50 / 20.0 m | |
| Number of openings | 3 + 1 + 3 | |
| start of building | 1885, 1904, 1928 | |
| completion | 1885, 1905, 1930 | |
| planner | 1. Karl Klimm 2. Günther mourning (reconstruction) 3. Günther mourning |
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The Pomeranian Bridge (n) or Pommernbrücke (n) ( Polish most (y) Pomorskie), formerly Werderbrücke (n) , is a listed bridge over three arms of the city or in Wroclaw . Like the neighboring university bridge, the Pomeranian Bridge connects the old town with the Odervorstadt (Nadodrze) via the Oderinsel Bürgerwerder (Kępa Mieszczańska) .
history
Old Werderbrücken
Since the late Middle Ages (first mentioned in the 15th century), a wooden bridge over the Süderoder served as a direct connection between the old town and the grain and fulling mills on the Bürgerwerder, which is located away from the city and initially unpaved . It was opposite the confluence of Herrenstrasse and Burgstrasse (today ulica Kiełbaśnicza or Grodzka) and led to a storage area in front of the Werdermühle on the Norderoder, the largest Wroclaw flour mill, which was first documented in 1387. Thus, the Werder Bridge - unlike the Oder Bridge or later University Bridge - offered no way to get to the right bank of the Oder, and represented a local connection. After a canal with a sluice was built in the 1870s with the construction of a shipping route The southern part of the Bürgerwerder was separated from the Mühlenplatz (later An den Mühlen ), which has been called Mühlenplatz (later An den Mühlen ) since the beginning of the 19th century , and in 1885 another short bridge was built there as a wrought-iron beam construction.
The bridging
The narrow and technically obsolete University Bridge, built in 1869, was the only continuous Oder crossing in the western part of the old town at the beginning of the 20th century, so that the municipal authorities worked out plans for a direct bridge connection between the old town and Rosenthaler Straße, which would then cover both the Süderoder and the Norderoder would cross.
First of all, the dilapidated wooden Werder bridge over the Süderoder was replaced by a massive new building in 1904–1905. A location was chosen for this to the east or upstream of the existing bridge, opposite the Oderstrasse (now ulica Odrzańska) . In the north the bridge led to the separated part of the Bürgerwerder, which was still connected to the main part of the island via the narrow wrought-iron bridge from 1885. Since the magistrate had to finance new bridges over the Old Oder due to a flood of the Oder and the limited capacity of the shipping lanes and the associated reconstruction of the Old Oder, the intended construction of the connection over the Norderoder was initially postponed. The Werdermühle was also to be rebuilt for the purpose of road alignment, for which Hans Poelzig made the plans, but they were not implemented.
After the Werdermühle burned down in 1915 , the city refused to rebuild and bought the site of the mill ruins. The properties were also acquired on the northern bank of the Norderoder. However, the lost world war and hyperinflation led to a further delay in the construction of the north bridge. It was not until February 14th and July 5th, 1928, respectively, that the decision of the municipal authorities and the city council to expand the bridge was made. First, in October 1928, the Werder Bridge, which had only been temporarily repaired, was demolished. Another 14 buildings would have to be demolished for the construction of the bridge and access roads. As a result of the tender the construction of the North Bridge and the widening were the central bridge to a consortium of Huta civil engineering and Beuchelt & Co. awarded. Work began on October 26, 1928. Between November 14 and December 6, 1929, the main girders of the north bridge were built. At the same time, the middle of the bridges from 1885 was extended by adding additional steel structures, after the initially planned replacement with a reinforced concrete bridge was abandoned. The construction lasted over a year and a half, so that the bridges were completed on July 9, 1930 and the new road was opened to traffic on August 22, 1930.
After the war the name was changed to most Pomorski , d. H. Pomeranian Bridge , changed to the now Polish part of Pomerania . On October 15, 1976, the bridges were registered as individual monuments with the numbers A / 2494/340 / Wm, A / 2494/341 / Wm and A / 2494/342 / Wm in the list of monuments of the city of Wroclaw.
description
The three bridges differ considerably in construction and architecture. A double-track tram line has been running over all three since 1935. The natural stone pavement road was converted to asphalt at the end of the 1990s.
South bridge
The southern bridge is a massive clinker brick construction from the years 1904–1905. The two river pillars and two bank pillars are bricked and founded about five meters below the river bed. The three bridge bays are designed as basket arches. The pillars are covered with granite and the arches are partly covered with bush hammered and partly embossed sandstone. The railings, designed as a closed wall, are also made of sandstone.
The master builder Karl Klimm gave the bridge neo-Romanesque forms, and the influence of the then fashionable Art Nouveau is also visible. Decorative turrets crowned with battlements were erected on the railings above the river pillars and on the northern bank . After the Second World War, they were removed to make room for the routing of district heating pipes on the railings. At the southern bridgehead, two pavilions covered with pitched roofs flank the bridge, which were modeled on the historical customs guards, but were intended to store cleaning and winter service equipment . Today they are used as stalls.
Middle bridge
The middle of the bridges has an irregular ground plan - both the bridge width and the width of the canal or lock below it vary. It is essentially the oldest of the bridges. The wrought-iron bridge from 1885 is hidden between the steel beam structures from the 1930s that were attached to widen the structure. Outwardly, the bridge now looks similar to the northern bridge.
North bridge
The simple northern bridge is a steel bridge with seven continuous beam girders on two bank piers and two river piers made of stamped concrete, which were clad with granite. The longest of the three bridges is separated from the other two by a road curve on the headland of the Bürgerwerder.
The southern pillar of the river is connected to the pillar of the Norderoder hydropower plant , which was built just a few meters upstream five years before the bridge. The two northern fields of the bridge are located on the Great Vigilante (Polish: Jaz Mieszczański) - a drum weir that was moved and rebuilt during the power plant construction . The east sidewalk of the bridge offers a spectacular view of the weir.
A geometric peculiarity of the construction is only visible from a greater distance: the road has a longitudinal gradient to the north. The lower edge of the riveted beam girders underneath runs horizontally and the upper edge follows the slope, so that the girders taper in the course of the bridge, which is not noticeable in the perspective distortion.
Web links
literature
- Arkadiusz Dobrzyniecki: Mosty Pomorskie . In: Jan Harasimowicz (Ed.): Atlas architektury Wrocławia . tape 2 . Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie, Wrocław 1998, ISBN 83-7023-679-0 .
- Maciej Łagiewski : Mosty Wrocławia . Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo, Wrocław 1989, ISBN 83-04-02937-5 .
- The new Werder Bridge in Wroclaw . In: Ostdeutsche Bauzeitung . tape 4 , no. 2 , January 6, 1906, p. 5-6 ( bibliotekacyfrowa.pl ).
- Werner Steinwender, Günther Trauer, Heinrich Wendt: The expansion of the Werder bridge train over the city or in Breslau . Ed .: City Council of the Capital Wroclaw. Wroclaw 1930 ( wroc.pl ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Since there are three separate and spatially separated constructions, bridges in the plural form ( mosty ) are used in official language . In everyday life is a bridge ( most spoken) even if the entire bridge section is meant.
- ↑ List of monuments of the city of Wroclaw, status January 17th, 2011