Old Synagogue Loerrach
The Old Synagogue in Lörrach was the religious center of the Lörrach Jewish community from 1808 to 1938 .
history
prehistory
The services of the Jewish community were held in private apartments in the 17th and 18th centuries before an apartment was rented specifically as a prayer room . From 1797 to 1808 this prayer room was on Wallbrunnstraße.
Planning and construction
Planning for the construction of a synagogue began as early as 1801 with the search for a suitable plot of land. There were considerable delays here and in the financing, so that construction was not carried out until 1807/1808. The plans were drawn up in Weinbrenner style by the Loerrach foreman JJ von Rebstock . The synagogue was built in Teichgasse, the exact inauguration date is unknown.
In 1884 the Jewish community expressed the desire to renovate the synagogue, which was decided in 1889. On July 29, 1899, the renovated synagogue was inaugurated by the district rabbi Lewin. The synagogue was renovated again in the 1920s.
Destruction by the National Socialists
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During the November pogroms of 1938 , the order to attack the synagogue was given by telex from the NSDAP party headquarters in Stuttgart in the early morning hours of November 10th. A prominent member of the Jewish community was warned by a member of the Secret State Police on November 10th at around 5 a.m. that the synagogue would be destroyed. The Torah scrolls could then be brought to safety. Before 9 a.m., employees of the Reichsführer SS security service broke into the synagogue and confiscated cult objects. Around 9 o'clock around 30 men of the SA came and first destroyed the synagogue. The altar, stone prayer tablets and the chandelier were smashed. After that, the windows and roof were badly damaged and a fire started in the stairwell. The fire was extinguished and the demolition of the heavily damaged building, which was prepared by the city officials in the afternoon, was not carried out, as there was fear of damage to the neighboring houses due to the narrow buildings.
Since 1939
The city of Lörrach bought the demolished synagogue from the Jewish community in March 1939 and had it demolished in spring 1939.
In 1946 there was a judicial aftermath. The mayor of Lörrach, Reinhard Boos , who was in office in 1939 , was imprisoned on June 26, 1947 for “crimes against humanity in unity with grave trespassing, violation of the peace, abuse of religion and damage to property and the destruction of buildings” . The trial against him and others involved began in July 1947 before the Freiburg Regional Court . The accusation that Boos was the ringleader of the Lörrach November pogrom was not seen as proven beyond doubt by the court, which is why an acquittal was made on all points for lack of evidence. At the time, the verdict caused indignation among parts of the population and was viewed as a judicial scandal. The Baden Higher Regional Court overturned the judgment on February 20, 1948 and referred the case back to the regional court. In February 1949, Boos was acquitted on appeal for lack of evidence. A co-defendant clearly convicted by photographs received an eight-month prison sentence, which was converted to suspended sentence in September 1949.
After the war, the former synagogue site was rebuilt. A memorial plaque was erected there in 1976. It is part of the Lörrach Sculpture Trail that was created later . Since 2008 there has been the new Lörrach synagogue not far from where the old synagogue stood . Since the spring of 2011, a memorial stele not far from the location of the Old Synagogue on the corner of Teichstrasse and Spitalstrasse has been added to the memory of the deportation of the Lörrach Jews.
See also
literature
- Michael S. Bryant: Back to the unresolved past. The Lörrach pogrom of November 1938, the Reinhard Boos case and the breach of the peace trials of the post-war period . In: Working group for historical regional studies on the Upper Rhine: Minutes of the working session. - 2008, No. 477; Pp. 1-23 online ; accessed on March 4, 2015
- Robert Neisen: Between fanaticism and distance. Lörrach and National Socialism . doRi Verlag, Bötzingen 2013, ISBN 978-3-9814362-1-1 .
- Alfred Bloch: The history of the Lörracher Jews. The time of synagogue construction. In: Unser Lörrach (1980) pp. 128–132.
- Alfred Bloch: The history of the Lörracher Jews. Synagogue renovation. In: Unser Lörrach (1981) pp. 146–151.
Web links
- Entry on www.alemannia-judaica.de; accessed on March 4, 2015
- Entry on www.jüdische-gemeinden.de; accessed on March 4, 2015
Individual evidence
- ↑ s. Paul Rothmund: Destruction of the synagogues - 50 years later. In: Das Markgräflerland, issue 1/1989, p. 65. Digitized version of the Freiburg University Library
- ↑ s. Bryant
- ^ Badische Zeitung: Names against Forgetting , article from April 7, 2011, last accessed on March 28, 2019
Coordinates: 47 ° 36 ′ 42.95 " N , 7 ° 39 ′ 36.75" E