Practice-oriented nursing diagnostics

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Practice-oriented nursing diagnostics (POP) is a German-language nursing classification system. It was developed in Austria.

General

POP stands for "Praxis-Orientierte Pflegediagnostik" and is a classification system for nursing diagnoses to which exemplary nursing goals and nursing measures with an instructive character have been assigned.

POP was first published in April 2009 (version POP1), a second revised version appeared in 2013 (version POP2). POP is currently only available in German. An overview of the differences between POP1 and POP2 at the level of the nursing diagnosis title can be found on the website www.infact.at.

Seven of the nine authors of POP were involved in the publication “Praxis der Pflegediagnosen” (three editions in 1999, 2000 and 2003), in which the versions of the NANDA classification at that time were translated into German and provided with suggestions for goals and measures were. Many of the authors of these books were also significantly involved in establishing nursing diagnoses in Austria in the form of lectures, seminars, courses and training. Many years of experience with the development, training and application of nursing diagnostics formed the basis for the development of a new system for resource-oriented nursing diagnostics: Practice-Oriented Nursing Diagnostics - POP. The development of nursing diagnoses using a resource model clearly distinguishes POP nursing diagnoses from other classifications of nursing diagnoses.

POP is currently used in Austria, Germany and Switzerland. POP is used in all settings, in acute hospitals (somatic and psychiatric), in long-term care facilities (inpatient and mobile / outpatient) and in rehabilitation. POP is also used and taught in health and nursing schools and is also a topic at various events at technical colleges and universities as well as in professional training and continuing education.

POP is available both as a book publication and as a database for import into IT-supported applications (see www.infact.at). Each component of POP is identified in the database with a unique code. This enables differentiated evaluations, but also ensures a clear traceability of the changes across the different versions.

The POP care diagnoses of the POP2 version are now also available as an app for smartphones and tablets. An Android version is currently available, a version for iOS is to follow.

As can be seen from a completed project of the Lower Austrian Health and Social Fund Department of Nursing Science , POP was tested along with other care classifications with regard to its use in electronic patient and resident files.

A nursing diagnosis is defined in the POP classification as follows:

"Nursing diagnoses are descriptions of concrete nursing assessments of human, health-related behavior and reactions in the life process."

- Stefan / Allmer / Schalk et al. 2013, p. 16.

The definition according to POP is based on the definition of care by the International Council of Nurses . As a result, the POP definition of nursing diagnoses not only includes problems and deficits, but also the positive, healthy parts of people.

Construction and development

The method by which POP nursing diagnoses are made has been repeatedly disclosed in the POP books and other publications. The core of the method is the POP resource model. By disclosing the method, the content of the POP nursing diagnoses can be checked for all nurses (cf. Stefan / Allmer / Schalk et al. 2013, p. 11ff .; Stefan / Schalk 2011; Schalk / Stefan 2009, Stefan / Schalk 2009). At the heart of POP are people's resources and health . A differentiated understanding of what resources are and what significance they have for people's lives is an essential basis for resource-oriented work.

"Resources are defined as the forces, abilities and possibilities that people use to maintain or develop health and / or to cope with illness."

- Stefan / Allmer / Schalk et al. 2013, p. 11.

Prerequisites for intact human structures and processes are referred to as resources in POP. The POP classification assumes that health is based on intact resources. Therefore, intact resources are prerequisites for health (Stefan / Allmer / Schalk et al. 2013, p. 11f.). Since intact and functioning resources are a prerequisite for health, impaired or missing resources can be seen as the cause of limitations in coping with everyday life or as risk factors. Limited and / or missing resources can be described in terms of nursing diagnostics as an etiology (= causes) for existing limitations or as risk factors for potential limitations. Potentially restricted resources can also be named as a risk factor (cf. Stefan / Allmer / Schalk 2013, p. 13f).

POP divides resources into three categories:

  • physical / functional resources
  • psychological resources
  • social / environmental resources

The POP classification in version POP2 consists of nine domains and 18 classes. It comprises 74 nursing phenomena and 160 nursing diagnosis titles (45 healthcare diagnosis titles, 49 risk nursing diagnosis titles and 66 current nursing diagnosis titles). The domains correspond to a modified Orem system . However, POP nursing diagnoses can also be structured according to other systems of order, if this appears necessary. The contents of POP are compatible with all care models used in practice.

Each POP nursing diagnosis has a unique five-digit number code. The first digit of the code gives the number of the domain, followed by a three-digit sequential number and the fifth digit marks the type of nursing diagnosis: risk nursing diagnosis, current nursing diagnosis, health care diagnosis (cf. Stefan / Allmer / Schalk et al. 2013, p. 3ff).

Structure of a nursing diagnosis according to POP

Each nursing diagnosis title is described with a definition which enables the distinction between nursing phenomena and nursing diagnoses.

POP nursing diagnoses are formulated according to the following format rules:

  • Description of risk nursing diagnoses with three-part P / RF / R format: (P) nursing diagnosis title - (RF) risk factor - (R) resources
  • Description of current nursing diagnoses with four-part P / Ä / S / R format: (P) nursing diagnosis title - (Ä) etiology - (S) symptom / characteristic - (R) resources
  • Description of health care diagnoses using two part P / R format: (P) Nursing Diagnosis Title - (R) Resources

Since every POP nursing diagnosis is developed from the resources, health, risk and current nursing diagnoses can be formulated for nursing phenomena. Using the example of the “urinary excretion” nursing phenomenon, this looks like this:

  • Urinary excretion, impaired
  • Urinary excretion, impaired, risk
  • Urinary excretion, development of resources

(Cf. Stefan / Allmer / Schalk et al. 2013, p. 16ff)

Goodness of care classification

Validity and reliability studies are not described in the book publications of the developers.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Stefan, H., Allmer F., Schalk K. et al. (2013): POP PraxisOrientierte Pflegediagnostik Pflegediagnosen - Targets - Measures, 2nd edition. Vienna, Springer Verlag, p. 23
  2. ↑ Stefan, H., Allmer F., Eberl J. et al. (2009): POP PraxisOrientierte Pflegediagnostik Nursing Diagnoses - Goals - Measures, 1st edition. Vienna, Springer Verlag
  3. ↑ Stefan, H., Allmer F., Schalk K. et al. (2013): POP PraxisOrientierte Pflegediagnostik Pflegediagnosen - Targets - Measures, 2nd edition. Vienna, Springer Verlag
  4. ↑ Overview table of the POP nursing diagnoses in version POP1 and POP2 (PDF; 21 kB). In.fact website. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
  5. ↑ Stefan H., Allmer F., Eberl J., Hansmann R, Jedelsky E., Michalek A., Münker-Kramer E., Pandzic R, Pichler G., Riel W., Tomacek D. (2003): Praxis der Nursing diagnoses, 3rd edition. Vienna, Springer Verlag
  6. ↑ Information on POP . In.fact website. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
  7. ↑ Link to the POP app in the Google Playstore . Google Play Store. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
  8. ↑ Project information Lower Austria Health and Social Fund  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / pflegewwissenschaft.noegus.at  
  9. ↑ Stefan, H., F. Allmer, et al. (2013: 16). POP PraxisOrientierte Pflegediagnostik Nursing diagnoses - goals - measures, 2nd edition. Vienna, Springer Verlag
  10. ↑ Stefan, H., Allmer F., Schalk K. et al. (2013): POP PraxisOrientierte Pflegediagnostik Pflegediagnosen - Targets - Measures, 2nd edition. Vienna, Springer Verlag, p. 11ff
  11. ↑ Stefan H., Schalk K. (2011): POP - Practice-Oriented Care and Resource-Orientation in Nursing Diagnostics; in: Psych.Pflege heute, vol. 17 (6), pp. 298–302
  12. ^ Schalk K., Stefan H. (2009): Resource diagnose. POP - Practice-Oriented Nursing Diagnostics; in: pflegeetz 03/2009, pp. 10–11
  13. ^ Stefan H., Schalk K. (2009): Practice-oriented care diagnostics. Resource orientation in diagnostic work; in: Hahn S., Stefan H., Abderhalden Ch., Needham I., Schulz M., Schoppmann S. (Ed.): Leadership in psychiatric care. 6th Three-Country Congress Care in Psychiatry in Vienna; Ibicura, Unterostendorf, pp. 327-333
  14. ↑ Stefan, H., Allmer F., Schalk K. et al (2013): POP PraxisOrientierte Pflegediagnostik Nursing diagnoses - goals - measures, 2nd edition. Vienna, Springer Verlag, p. 11
  15. ↑ Stefan, H., Allmer F., Schalk K. et al. (2013): POP PraxisOrientierte Pflegediagnostik Pflegediagnosen - Targets - Measures, 2nd edition. Vienna, Springer Verlag, p. 11f
  16. ↑ Stefan, H., Allmer F., Schalk K. et al. (2013): POP PraxisOrientierte Pflegediagnostik Pflegediagnosen - Targets - Measures, 2nd edition. Vienna, Springer Verlag, p. 13f
  17. ↑ Stefan, H., Allmer F., Schalk K. et al. (2013): POP PraxisOrientierte Pflegediagnostik Pflegediagnosen - Targets - Measures, 2nd edition. Vienna, Springer Verlag, p. 3ff
  18. ↑ Stefan, H., Allmer F., Schalk K. et al. (2013): POP PraxisOrientierte Pflegediagnostik Pflegediagnosen - Targets - Measures, 2nd edition. Vienna, Springer Verlag, p. 16ff
  19. ↑ Stefan, H., J. Eberl, et al. (2009). POP practice-oriented nursing diagnostics nursing diagnoses - goals - measures. Vienna, Springer Verlag
  20. ↑ Stefan, H., F. Allmer, et al. (2013). POP PraxisOrientierte Pflegediagnostik Nursing diagnoses - goals - measures, 2nd edition. Vienna, Springer Verlag