Probus Heine

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Probus Heine: Engel, Folio 77 of the Architectura Capuzinorum

Probus Heine , also: Probus Haine , (* early 17th century in Pfullendorf ; † October 30, 1677 in Freiburg im Breisgau ) was a builder (Fabriciarius) of the Swiss and Upper Austrian Capuchin provinces in the middle of the 17th century.

life and work

Coming from Pfullendorf and born in the early 17th century, Probus Heine joined the Swiss Capuchin Order, which was also responsible for the Breisgau and parts of Swabia, on December 9, 1631. Until about 1620 all Fabriciarii of the order province came from Italy . After his basic spiritual training, Probus Heine worked for many years as an assistant to the Fabriciarii before he himself held the position of Fabriciarius from 1654 to 1663. In the minutes of the laying of the foundation stone of the Capuchin monastery Entlebuch-Schüpfheim and in the crack of the spire of the Laufenburg town church, Probus Heine was referred to as a brother . Accordingly, he belonged to the lower layer of lay brothers in the three-tiered order hierarchy.

13 monastery buildings in Switzerland, Germany and neighboring France that were begun between 1654 and 1672 go back to the master builder Probus Heine. The religious buildings of the early period in the Swiss Capuchin Province are based on northern Italian models and are therefore classified as Venetian-Tyrolean architecture. The constitutions of the order demanded a modest and economical construction method with extensive uniformity, functional building materials and given dimensions. Brother Probus Heine recorded his tears, drafts and instructions in a four-part manuscript on parchment and paper. Parts one and three were made before 1673, parts two and four afterwards. According to Walther Hümmerich, the manuscript was created for personal use and for the instruction of assistants and confreres due to its many years of creation. In some archives, original drawings, dated and signed by Probus Heine, have been preserved. By comparing the fonts, Probus Heine was identified as the author of the Architectura Capuzinorum. Presumably as part of the secularization of the Fürstenberg Capuchin monasteries, the work, only 18.0 × 11.75 cm in size, bound in calfskin, came into the possession of Joseph von Laßberg , who gave it the title Architectura Capuzinorum (sic!) . Laßberg sold his library to the Donaueschingen court library in 1853 . After its demise, the manuscript was sent to the Württemberg State Library in 1980 .

Due to a few minor deviations, the cracks in the Architectura are to be regarded as construction documentation. The attached lists and instructions provide a unique insight into the living conditions of the Upper Austrian and Swiss Friars Minor Capuchins after the Thirty Years War .

The Swiss and German Fabriciarii enjoyed the favor of their clients due to their solid and economical construction and were often entrusted with mundane structures up to fortifications. In 1662, brother Probus Heine planned and built the town of Rapperswil's western, lake-side bastion, which is now silted up, as a fortification master . The unusual use of a Fabriciarius of the Capuchins to build a fortress resulted from the local topography, since the western tip of the island ran out on the site of the Capuchin monastery built in 1606 .

After years of quarreling with the »averse Swiss« in 1668, the 27 German monasteries split off from the Swiss Capuchin Province and formed their own Capuchin Province in front of Austria. Probus Heine, who belonged to the new province and to whom he served as a builder from 1668, died on December 9, 1677 in Freiburg im Breisgau.

plant

Probus Heine: Kapuzinerschanz in Rapperswil (bottom left in the picture)

Monastery buildings of the Swiss Capuchin Province

Monastery buildings of the Upper Austrian Capuchin Province

Fortress

  • Kapuzinerschanz in Rapperswil (1662)

Sideline drafts

Fonts

  • Manuscript Cod. Don. 879: Architectura Capuzinorum , in four parts, Württembergische Landesbibliothek Stuttgart.

literature

  • Walther Hümmerich: Architectura Capuzinorum . In: Capuchin architecture in the Rhenish Capuchin provinces, self-published by the Society for Middle Rhine Church History, Mainz, 1987, Appendix 10.

Web links

Commons : Probus Heine  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Architectura Capucinorum Cod. Don. 879  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Walther Hümmerich: Capuchin architecture in the Rhenish order provinces, self-published by the Society for Middle Rhine Church History, Mainz, 187, p. 68.
  2. ↑ See Walther Hümmerich: Architectura Capuzinorum . In: Capuchin architecture in the Rhenish Capuchin provinces, self-published by the Society for Middle Rhine Church History, Mainz, 1987, pp. 68 and 236f.
  3. ↑ Erwin Rothenhausler, Erwin Poeschel: Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kantons St. Gallen, Volume 53, Birkhauser, 1966, p. 228.
  4. Jump up ↑ Der Geschichtsfreund: Announcements from the Historical Association of the Five Places Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden and Zug, Volume 135, K. and N. Benziger, 1982, p. 133.
personal data
SURNAME Heine, Probus
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Heyne, Probus; Groves, Probus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German master builder of the baroque
DATE OF BIRTH 17th century
PLACE OF BIRTH Pfullendorf
DATE OF DEATH October 30, 1677
Place of death Freiburg in Breisgau