Proto-Neolithic

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Proto-Neolithic is a term coined by Hans-Peter Uerpmann , but rarely used (especially modified by Kathleen Kenyon ) for the period of transition from appropriating economic methods to agriculture in western Asia Minor . It dates to the period between 12,000 and 9500 BC and includes the cultures of the Natufien , the late Zarziens for the early Protoneolithic and the Harifien , Sultanien and Khiamien for the developed Protoneolithic .

The definition of the Neolithic (Neolithic) presupposes the domestication of plants and animals; which so far at the earliest for the period around 9500 BC. Can be safely proven. Accordingly, the Proto-Neolithic within the three -period system still belongs to the Epipalaeolithic . However, the authors, who use the term Proto-Neolithic , want to make it clear that the Neolithic may well have started earlier, since with the help of today's archaeological method it is only possible to a limited extent to differentiate the harvest of wild grain without re-sowing from targeted cultivation . All other socio-economic changes of the Neolithic (including sedentariness , ceramics and cut stone tools ) can already be traced back to the Proto-Neolithic

Maps for distribution

  • Collaborative Research Center 19 " Tübingen Atlas of the Middle East " of the University of Tübingen (Ed.): Middle East, Protoneolithic . 1: 8,000,000. Reichert, Wiesbaden 1980, ISBN 3-88226-637-6
  • Collaborative Research Center 19 “Tübingen Atlas of the Middle East” of the University of Tübingen (ed.): Levant, Epipalaeolithic and Protoneolithic . 1: 1,000,000. Reichert, Wiesbaden 1986, ISBN 3-88226-748-8
  • Collaborative Research Center 19 “Tübingen Atlas of the Middle East” of the University of Tübingen (Ed.): Middle East, Epipalaeolithic and Protoneolithic . 1: 4,000,000. Reichert, Wiesbaden 1986, ISBN 3-88226-920-0

literature

  • Marion Benz: The Neolithization in the Middle East . Ex oriente, second, hardly changed edition, Berlin 2008. ISBN 3-9804241-6-2 . pdf version , pp. 32-43.