Protosmia

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Protosmia
Protosmia rubifloris, female. This species occurs in the west of North America

Protosmia rubifloris , female. This species occurs in the west of North America

Systematics
Order : Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera)
Superfamily : Apoidea
without rank: Bees (Apiformes)
Family : Megachilidae
Subfamily : Megachilinae
Genre : Protosmia
Scientific name
Protosmia
Ducke , 1900

Protosmia is a genus of bees in the Megachilidae family, of which about 30 species are known worldwide, most of them in the western Palearctic. Only one type of Protosmia occurs in Central Europe: Protosmia minutula and one type occurs in the western United States: P. rubifloris .

morphology

Protosmia bees are very similar to Osmia , the native species is approx. 5 mm long (otherwise 3.5 to 9.5 mm in length). The body color is black (no metallic sheen as is often the case with Osmia ), the cuticle is finely dotted, there is loose white hair on the thorax , the females have a belly brush for pollen transport. There are two cubital cells in the fore wing.

Way of life

Protosmia bees are pollen-collecting, nest-building solitary bees. They are polylectic, so they collect pollen from different plants. They mainly fly in spring. They build their nests in existing cavities, for example we feed tunnels in dead wood, in hollow stems, in holes in steep walls, crevices or in empty snail shells. Tree resin is used for the cell walls and to seal the nests.

Systematics

The genus Protosmia belongs to the subfamily Megachilinae to the Osmiini tribe with over 1000 species and currently 15 genera, many of which do not occur in Central Europe. According to the phylogenetic study by Praz et al. There are three genus groups within the Osmiini: Chelostoma group (with chelostoma ), Heriades group (including Heriades and Protosmia ), Osmia group (including osmia and hoplitis ). Accordingly, in the fauna of Central Europe, the genus Heriades is most closely related to the genus Protosmia .

Protosmia is divided into 4 sub-genera: Chelostomopsis, Dolichosmia, Nanosmia, Protosmia.

species

(List is not complete; mainly species that occur in Central Europe, mainly after)

  • Protosmia angustimandibulae , Palestine, Israel, Turkey
  • Protosmia asensioi , Morocco, Portugal, Lebanon
  • Protosmia capitata , Spain, Morocco, North-West Africa
  • Protosmia exenterata , West Mediterranean, Turkey,
  • Protosmia glutinosa , Mediterranean area, Morocco, Iberian Peninsula to the Caucasus
  • Protosmia humeralis , Mediterranean area
  • Protosmia longiceps , Eastern Mediterranean
  • Protosmia lusitanica , endemic to Portugal
  • Protosmia minutula , Portugal, Balearic Islands, Italy (South Tyrol), Sicily, France, Switzerland (Valais), North Africa
  • Protosmia monstrosa , Algeria, Greece, Turkey, Israel
  • Protosmia montana , Greece, Turkey, Central Asia
  • Protosmia paradoxa , Greece, Turkey, Syria, Cyprus
  • Protosmia querquedula , Tunisia
  • Protosmia schwarzi , Morocco, Tunisia
  • Protosmia sideritis, Greece, Turkey
  • Protosmia stigmatica , France, Spain, Greece, Turkey, Algeria
  • Protosmia tauricola , Croatia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Russia, Turkey
  • Protosmia tiflensis, Italy, Greece, Eastern Mediterranean, Turkey, Jordan, Israel, Georgia

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Erwin Scheuchl, Wolfgang Willner: Pocket dictionary of the wild bees of Central Europe . Quelle & Meyer, 2016, ISBN 978-3-494-01653-5 , pp. 784 f .
  2. ↑ a b c Protosmia | Exotic Bee ID. Retrieved April 26, 2020 .
  3. ↑ a b Christophe J. Praz, Andreas Müller, Bryan N. Danforth, Terry L. Griswold, Alex Widmer: Phylogeny and biogeography of bees of the tribe Osmiini (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 49 , no. 1 , October 2008, ISSN  1095-9513 , p. 185-197 , PMID 18675365 .
  4. ↑ Discover Live. Retrieved April 26, 2020 (en.).
  5. ↑ A. Müller: Palaearctic Protosmia bees of the subgenus Chelostomopsis (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species . In: Zootaxa . tape 4227 , no. 2 , 2017, p. 287-294 ( researchgate.net ).
  6. ↑ a b c David Baldock, Thomas Wood, Ian Cross, Jan Smit: The Bees of Portugal (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) . In: Entomofauna . Supplement 22. Ansfelden 2018, p. 1–164 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  7. ↑ a b Andrej Gogala: Mega chilid bees of Slovenia (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae) . In: Scopolia . tape 80 , 2014, p. 1–195 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  8. ^ A b Klaus Standfuss, Lisa Standfuss: On the current bee fauna of the olive tree zone in SE-Thessaly / Greece (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apiformes). 6. Supplements, corrections, overview . In: Entomofauna . tape 33 , no. 31 . Ansfelden 2012, p. 449–456 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  9. ↑ Gijsbertus van der Zanden: New species of Palearctic Osmiini (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae) . In: Linzer Biol. Contribution. Volume 26 , no. 2 , 1994, p. 1113–1124 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  10. ↑ a b Alexander Fateryga, Sergey P. Ivanov, Mikhail A. Filatov: Megachilid-bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) of the Crimean Peninsula . In: Entomofauna . tape 39 , no. 1 . Ansfelden 2018, p. 235–283 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).