Holey bees
| Holey bees | ||||||||||||
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Common holey bee ( Heriades truncorum ) |
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| Heriades | ||||||||||||
| Spinola , 1808 |
The holey bees ( Heriades ) are a genus from the Megachilidae family , that is, belly collectors.
The genus is closely related to mason bees and some authors also consider it a sub-genus of Osmia . The genus is very widespread worldwide, in the Palearctic, Nearctic, Afrotropic and Oriental regions. Worldwide the genus comprises 137 species (in three subgenera), of which 22 species are in the Palearctic. Only three species occur in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. One species, H. rubicola , was only found new for Germany in 2017 in Berlin and Saxony-Anhalt.
features
The native holey bees are approx. 6 to 8 mm long, they are black with gray, loose hairs; H. rubicola is only 5–6 mm in size, in South Africa there are Heriades species over 10 mm in length. Hole bees are similar to small mason bees ( Osmia ). You can sometimes recognize them by their typical behavior: they are eagerly looking for suitable holes on tree trunks, posts and beams that they can use as a nest (hence the German name).
behavior
Holey bees nest solitary, as far as is known, in existing tunnels in dead wood or z. B. in reeds. The native holey bees can be observed mainly in July and August, sometimes until the end of September. A female lays an average of about 8 (2 to 16) eggs. Old nests are also used again after they have been cleaned. The spaces between the individual cells in the nests and the cell closure are made of resin. In the nearctic species Heriades variolosus , the partition walls are partly made of clay and partly of resin. The females collect the pollen for the brood with the belly brush. The native species and many more are often oligolectic (they prefer to collect pollen from asteraceae ).
Systematics
The genus Protosmia belongs in the subfamily Megachininae the tribe Osmiini with over 1000 species and is 15 genera. Heriades in particular is closely related to Protosmia . Heriades were also considered by some authors to be a subgenus of Osmia .
The genus Heriades is divided into eight sub-genera, of which Heriades s. st. has the most kinds (46 kinds), Amboheriades (11 kinds), Michenerella (32 kinds) and Neotrypetes (13 Aten) are also relatively rich in species .
Native species
- Notched holey bee Heriades crenulatus , occasionally also in settlement areas, mostly on the edges of forests and in orchards.
- Heriades rubicola (only detected in Germany in 2017), nests in dry blackberry stalks, but also in beetle-feeding tunnels, reed stalks and reed galls.
- Common holey bee , Heriades truncorum , the most common holey bee in Central Europe, widespread in the Alps up to 1800 m.
The gloomy bee Stelis breviuscula is known as the cuckoo bee , the club wasp Sapygina decemguttata is a food parasite.
Web link
Müller, A. (2018), Palaearctic Osmiine Bees, ETH Zurich; https://blogs.ethz.ch/osmiini/palaearctic-species/heriades/
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Paul Westrich: The wild bees of Germany . E. Ulmer Verl., 2018, ISBN 978-3-8186-0123-2 , pp. 187, 623-625 .
- ↑ Solitary bee species: Holey bees (Heriades). Retrieved June 7, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c d Palaearctic Osmiine Bees »Genus Heriades. Retrieved June 7, 2019 (American English).
- ↑ a b c C. Saure & F. Wagner: Heriades rubicola Pérez 1890, a new type of bee for Germany (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) . In: Eucera . No. 12 , 2018, p. 3–7 ( wildbienen.info [PDF]).
- ↑ a b Ch. D. Michener : Bees of the World . 2nd Edition. Baltimore 2007, ISBN 978-0-8018-8573-0 , pp. 458-459 .
- ↑ Christophe J. Praz, Andreas Müller, Bryan N. Danforth, Terry L. Griswold, Alex Widmer: Phylogeny and biogeography of bees of the tribe Osmiini (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 49 , no. 1 , 2008, p. 185-197 , PMID 18675365 .