Pseudoanthidium

Pseudoanthidium
	Pseudoanthidium nanum , male
Systematics
Order :	Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera)
Superfamily :	Apoidea
without rank:	Bees (Apiformes)
Family :	Megachilidae
Subfamily :	Megachilinae
Genre :	Pseudoanthidium
Scientific name
	Pseudoanthidium
	Friese , 1898

Pseudoathidium is a genus in the Megachilidae family . The genus is common in Africa, Europe and Asia (to Central Asia). About 60 species are known.

The bees of the genus Pseudoanthidium are called dwarf wool bees in German , but this name is not commonly used (see resin and wool bees ). Some authors include Pseudoanthidium in the genus Anthidium .

There are four types of Pseudoanthidium in Central Europe . One species, P. nanum , was introduced to America.

features

Pseudoanthidium bees are very similar to the species in the genus Anthidium (hence the name). The bees are approx. 6 to 11 mm long, the body is black with yellow markings, the top of the abdomen is only slightly hairy. The underside of the abdomen is lightly hairy in the females (abdominal collector). The forewings have two discoid cells.

Pseudoanthidium species can only be distinguished from the species of the genera Anthidium , Rhodanthidium and Icteranthidium by fine morphological characteristics . In contrast to Anthidium , Pseudoanthidium do not have an adhesive flap on the claw limbs of the legs.

Way of life

The Pseudoanthidium bees are solitary bees that collect pollen and build nests. The nests are created in hollow stems or found cavities and within them brood cells made of vegetable wool. The native species are oligolectic, they collect pollen preferentially from Asteraceae ( Carduloideae ).

Species in Central Europe

(essentially after)

Pseudoanthidium melanurum : Germany, historical evidence (Berlin, Brandenburg), Italy (Aosta Valley), France.

Pseudoanthidium nanum : Germany, Austria and Switzerland

Pseudoanthidium scapulare : Switzerland (Geneva, Valais, Ticino)

Pseudoanthidium tenellum : Germany (Saxony-Anhalt), Austria (Lower Austria, Burgenland)

Systematics

The genus Pseudoanthidium belongs within the subfamily Megachilinae to the tribe Anthidini . According to Michener (2007), this tribe is subdivided into 37 genera. According to Litmann et al. belongs Pseudoanthidium to Anthidium -Gattungsgruppe with six other species, most notably Anthidium .

Michener divided Pseudoanthidium into 6 subgenera with 36 species. According to the more recent phylogenetic systematic investigation, however, a number of sub-genera from other genera of the Anthidium group as well as the previous genera Neanthidium and Gnathantidium belong to Pseudoanthidium , so that the genus now contains 12 sub-genera and thus 60 species.

List of subgenera (in brackets the number of species according to Michener)

Branthidium (10)
Exanthidium (4)
Gnathanthidium (1)
Immanthidium (5)
Mesanthidiellum (3)
Micranthidium (3)
Neanthidium (1)
Pseudoanthidium (18)
Royanthidium (6)
Semicarinella (1)
Tuberanthidium (4)
Zosteranthidium (1)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d J. R. Litman, T. Griswold, BN Danforth: Phylogenetic systematics and a revised generic classification of anthidiine bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). In: Molecular phylogenetics and evolution . tape 100 , 2016, p. 183-198 ( researchgate.net ).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Ch. D. Michener: The Bees of the World . 2nd Edition. The Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore & London 2007, pp. 526528 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f E. Scheuchl & W. Willner: Pocket dictionary of the wild bees of Central Europe . Quelle & Meyer, 2016, ISBN 978-3-494-01653-5 , pp. 788-792 .
^ ^A ^b P. Westrich: The wild bees of Germany . E. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2018, p. 578 ff .
↑ Solitary bee species: Woolly and resin bees (Anthidium). Retrieved April 9, 2020 .
↑ Woolly bees: Anthidium nanum. Retrieved April 11, 2020 .
↑ Pseudoanthidium | Exotic Bee ID. Retrieved April 10, 2020 .
↑ Insects Saxony. Retrieved April 11, 2020 .
↑ Frank Burger, Tobias Meitzel, Haike Ruhnke: updates on bee fauna (Hymenoptera, Apidae) Saxony-Anhalt and Germany . In: Entomological News and Reports . tape 50 , no. 3 , 2006, p. 129–133 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).

[:3-1] J. R. Litman, T. Griswold, BN Danforth: Phylogenetic systematics and a revised generic classification of anthidiine bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). In: Molecular phylogenetics and evolution . tape 100 , 2016, p. 183-198 ( researchgate.net ).

[:0-2] Ch. D. Michener: The Bees of the World . 2nd Edition. The Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore & London 2007, pp. 526528 .

[:1-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f E. Scheuchl & W. Willner: Pocket dictionary of the wild bees of Central Europe . Quelle & Meyer, 2016, ISBN 978-3-494-01653-5 , pp. 788-792 .

[:2-4] A ^b P. Westrich: The wild bees of Germany . E. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2018, p. 578 ff .

[5] Solitary bee species: Woolly and resin bees (Anthidium). Retrieved April 9, 2020 .

[6] Woolly bees: Anthidium nanum. Retrieved April 11, 2020 .

[7] Pseudoanthidium | Exotic Bee ID. Retrieved April 10, 2020 .

[8] Insects Saxony. Retrieved April 11, 2020 .

[9] Frank Burger, Tobias Meitzel, Haike Ruhnke: updates on bee fauna (Hymenoptera, Apidae) Saxony-Anhalt and Germany . In: Entomological News and Reports . tape 50 , no. 3 , 2006, p. 129–133 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).