Developmental retardation
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| F80-F89 | Developmental disorders |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
Developmental retardation describes a delay in the physical, mental or emotional development of children .
definition
Every child develops according to a natural and universal scheme. The order of the individual development steps is determined because they build on one another. For example, it is not possible for a child to learn to walk first and then to learn to sit. The speed with which the individual development steps follow one another can be very different in the various development areas.
Every child has its own pace in every area of development and, within certain limits, differences in the level of development between children of the same age are completely normal. However, research results in limit values for when children should have reached individual developmental steps at the latest. If this is not the case, it is referred to as a development delay.
Classification
The following areas can be affected to different degrees by development delays:
- The motor development, which includes all movements in gross and fine motor skills.
- The cognitive development involves the understanding of relationships, the ability to remember things and the whole thinking.
- The development of language , which includes language comprehension and active language.
- The emotional development describes the development of the emotional life.
- The social development involves dealing with people such. B. learning rules of conduct in a group.
causes
Developmental retardation can result from a variety of brain damage during pregnancy, childbirth, or early childhood. These include congenital or acquired diseases of the nervous system, such as hereditary metabolic diseases, meningitis, the consequences of a lack of oxygen during childbirth or accidents with traumatic brain injuries. Traumatic experiences in the child's biography can also lead to developmental delays. An insufficient supply of stimuli and experiences or the withdrawal and reduced emotional relationships with the child ( deprivation ) can also be reasons for a developmental delay. In 75% of the developmental delays, no medical basis can be found as the cause (as of 2006), too many unexplained and hidden mechanisms are at work here. Boys are more often affected than girls.
diagnosis
To determine a developmental retardation, pediatricians , psychologists , physiotherapists, therapeutic teachers and other members of the medical professions have numerous scores available, which can be used to determine the child's level of development in the various areas and to compare it with the average age. A diagnosis of developmental delay includes all areas of motor skills, perception, cognitive properties, language development, etc. It should be made well-founded in the team.
Concept of development delay in German juvenile criminal law
Adolescents who were or are between 18 and 21 years old at the time of the offense can be sentenced according to juvenile criminal law if their personality still corresponded to that of a young person due to developmental delays. The determination of the development delay usually has no impact on other rights associated with the age of majority, such as the exercise of the right to vote or the acquisition of a driver's license.
Individual evidence
- ↑ cf. Hessian Ministry of Justice, November 16, 2007 - Press release: Interrupt criminal careers as early as possible - Combine probation with warning shot arrest ( Memento of the original from December 1, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
