Scoring (medicine)
A scoring system, also called score for short , is used in medicine to classify clinical pictures or injury patterns as well as to make diagnoses and to be able to describe different patient conditions in uniform nomenclature . Statistical recording is an important area of application. Treatment strategies and prognoses can also be derived indirectly from some scoring systems .
The scoring systems have in common that they (English-defined scores scores ) assign and map on a calculation method the result on a fixed scale.
Scoring systems for the objective assessment of emergency patients at the time of the initial examination and taking into account changes in time after the follow-up examination are referred to as trauma scores , especially for seriously injured patients . These can be divided into anatomical scores (related to the localization of physical injuries) and physiological scores (related to the severity of injuries).
In contrast to this, there are systems that have a rather descriptive effect without a clear allocation of points, such as the viewing categories in disaster and emergency medicine .
Criteria for selecting a trauma score result from the possible applications:
- Determination of the severity of a trauma or illness and thus the chance of survival and prognosis
- Help with quick selection and triage in the event of several injuries or a major loss event
- Help with therapeutic decisions in individual cases
- Conducting clinical comparative studies and cost / benefit analyzes with regard to therapy efficiency.
Different medical scoring systems:
- Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) : System for describing the lethality of individual injuries.
- Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE): System is used to predict the probability of survival of patients in an intensive care unit.
- Apgar Score : Med. Method for evaluating newborns and infants
- Bishop score : system for assessing the maturity of the cervix
- Burch-Wartofsky score : system for calculating the probability of a thyrotoxic crisis
- Child-Pugh Score : Cirrhosis Classification System .
- Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale : Scale for the pre-hospital identification of a stroke .
- Duke Score : Med. Procedure for the ergometric diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD).
- Fischer-Score : Med. Procedure for the evaluation of cardiotocography in pregnant women.
- Functional Capacity Index (FCI) : Index describing the long-term consequences of individual injuries.
- Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): Med. Method for assessing impaired consciousness in adults
- Cardiac risk index according to L. Goldman: Index for the surgical risk of postoperative cardiovascular complications in heart patients
- Hasford Score : Med. Method for assessing the risk group in leukemia
- HAS-BLED-Score : Med. Method for assessing the risk of cerebral hemorrhage under anticoagulation
- Injury Severity Score (ISS): anatomically oriented system for trauma classification
- Innsbruck Coma Scale (IKS): System for trauma assessment according to physiological criteria, uses other scoring systems (GCS, RTS) for calculation and relates them to blood pressure and respiratory rate values.
- Lipton score : system for classifying histiocytosis X patients.
- Mainz Emergency Evaluation Score (MEES), a physiological score system similar to the RAPS
- Mannheim risk checklist , system for assessing the risk of anesthesia
- Mini-Mental-Status (after MF Folstein ): Systems for assessing the degree of dementia.
- NACA-Score : Scheme for the statistical recording of aviation accidents, meanwhile also used for other accidents and illnesses
- PESI : Mortality risk rating system for non-massive pulmonary embolism.
- Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)
- Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale (PGCS): Scale for assessing impaired consciousness in children.
- Rapid Acute Physiology Score (RAPS): Score used in rescue services and triage (published in 1987 by Kenneth J. Rhee).
- Revised Trauma Score (RTS), a physiological scoring system derived from the Trauma Score (TS) 1989
- RLS Severity Scale : Scale for diagnosing Restless Legs Syndrome .
- Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD)
- Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS or SAPSII): Scoring system enables the severity of illness in intensive care patients to be assessed and the risk of mortality to be calculated.
- Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS): a therapy-oriented scoring system in intensive care units.
- Trauma Score (TS), physiologically oriented trauma score published in the USA in 1981 by HR Champion and colleagues
- Wells Score : System for assessing the likelihood of a pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis
The best known scoring systems in German intensive care units are:
- Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE)
- RASS score
- Riyadh Score
- Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS)
Web links
- transplantation-information.de: What are score systems?
- Austrian Society for Quality and Training in Emergency Medicine , oegan.at: Presentation and comparison of the most important medical scoring systems
Individual evidence
- ↑ Walied Abdulla: Interdisciplinary Intensive Care Medicine. Urban & Fischer, Munich a. a. 1999, ISBN 3-437-41410-0 , pp. 466-469.
- ↑ Walied Abdulla (1999), p. 469.
- ↑ Reinhard Larsen: Anesthesia and intensive medicine in cardiac, thoracic and vascular surgery. (1st edition 1986) 5th edition. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York et al. 1999, ISBN 3-540-65024-5 , pp. 146-148.
- ↑ Harald Genzwürker, Jochen Hinkebein: Case book anesthesia, intensive care medicine and emergency medicine. Georg Thieme, Stuttgart / New York 2005, ISBN 3-13-139311-4 , p. 302 f.
- ↑ Walied Abdulla: Interdisciplinary Intensive Care Medicine. 1999, p. 468.
- ↑ Walied Abdulla (1999), p. 467 f.
- ↑ (in alphabetical order) Rheinische Post from July 9, 2010, page A7 / Dr. Klaus Dominick
