Pupils

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Pupils is an old expression for minors and / or minors who are under guardianship , also called ward , compulsory or foster child. The authorities have also processed the guardianship of adults in some cases.

etymology

The term comes from the Latin of pupilli . According to ancient Roman law , pupils were boys under 14 and girls under 12, who required the assistance of a guardian ( tutor ) for the legally valid execution of legal transactions . The term is mostly used in the plural. The singular forms are: "Pupill": masculine, "Pupille": masculine, feminine, occasionally: "Pupillin": feminine.

In German legal language, the term pupillen can currently be traced back to a source in Brussels up to 1496, in 1530 in a Bavarian source and in 1573 in a Lower Austrian one. In the Josephine Code of 1787 only guardianship and orphans are spoken of and thus the frequency of use in Austria fell sharply at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century. In the German states, use fell around the time the North German Confederation was founded (1867) or a little before that. The Meyers Lexicon of 1905 notes that it is an earlier name.

Related terms

  • The Pupillenkollegium (1748) was a Prussian authority in the 18th and 19th centuries that supervised matters of guardianship. Such institutions were also called Pupillenamt (1724), Pupillaramt (1802), Pupillaramt (1808), Pupillenrat, Oberguardschaftsbehörde, Obervormundschaftsamt, Guardianship Council, Orphan Office, Orphan Council.
  • Pupillary money (1638), pupil money (1597), pupillary capital (1787), also called orphan's money, are the assets belonging to minors, which must be treated with special care and can only be invested with little risk. One then spoke of a pupillary security. Today it is called ward money and the associated forms of investment are ward-proof .
  • The pupil writer (1795, Oldenburg) makes sure that all minors in his judicial district have a guardian and that adults have to be placed under the supervision of a curator.

See also

Individual evidence

Pupils . In: Heidelberg Academy of Sciences (Hrsg.): German legal dictionary . tape 10 , issue 9/10 (edited by Heino Speer and others). Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 2001, ISBN 3-7400-0989-6 ( adw.uni-heidelberg.de ).

  1. ↑ a b pupil, pupil . In: German legal dictionary . tape  10 , issue 9/10, 2001 ( adw.uni-heidelberg.de ).
  2. ↑ Pupillin . In: German legal dictionary . tape  10 , issue 9/10, 2001 ( adw.uni-heidelberg.de ).
  3. ↑ Pupil College . In: German legal dictionary . tape  10 , issue 9/10, 2001 ( adw.uni-heidelberg.de ).
  4. ↑ Pupillary Office . In: German legal dictionary . tape  10 , issue 9/10, 2001 ( adw.uni-heidelberg.de ).
  5. ↑ Pupillary Office . In: German legal dictionary . tape  10 , issue 9/10, 2001 ( adw.uni-heidelberg.de ).
  6. ↑ Pupillary Authority . In: German legal dictionary . tape  10 , issue 9/10, 2001 ( adw.uni-heidelberg.de ).
  7. ^ Pupillary money . In: German legal dictionary . tape  10 , issue 9/10, 2001 ( adw.uni-heidelberg.de ).
  8. ↑ Pupil money . In: German legal dictionary . tape  10 , issue 9/10, 2001 ( adw.uni-heidelberg.de ).
  9. ↑ Pupillary Capital . In: German legal dictionary . tape  10 , issue 9/10, 2001 ( adw.uni-heidelberg.de ).
  10. ^ Pupil writer . In: German legal dictionary . tape  10 , issue 9/10, 2001 ( adw.uni-heidelberg.de ).
  • Various:
  1. ↑ pupils . In: Herders Conversations-Lexikon . Freiburg im Breisgau 1856, Volume 4, p. 637
  2. ↑ pupils . In: Universal Lexicon of the Present and Past . 4., reworked. and greatly increased edition, Volume 13:  Pfiff – Reidsville , Eigenverlag, Altenburg 1861, p.  699 .
  3. ↑ pupils . In: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon . 6th edition. Volume 16, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1908, p.  458 .
  4. ↑ Adelung, Grammatical-Critical Dictionary of High German Dialect, Volume 4. Leipzig 1801, p. 1352, " Waisenamt "
  5. ↑ a b Adelung, Grammatical-Critical Dictionary of High German Dialect, Volume 4. Leipzig 1801, p. 1352, " Waisengeld "
  6. ↑ pupils . In: Brockhaus Bilder-Conversations-Lexikon , Volume 3. Leipzig 1839, p. 597
  7. ^ Gerhard Anton Hermann Gramberg : Now valid Oldenburg particular law in systematic excerpts . Volume 1. Oldenburg 1804, p. 54