Q3A (residential construction)
Q3A is the abbreviation for the first three-, four- and five-storey large-scale series in type construction in the GDR in the 1950s and 1960s. It stands for cross-wall type (no. 3) A variant .
Type Q3A and its successors
The walls of these buildings were made of concrete blocks. The ceiling, which consisted of several ceiling tile elements, was laid across the longitudinal axis of the block of houses. The externally visible feature of the Q3A compared to other GDR new buildings of its time was the flat roof . The Q3A apartments were still equipped with stove heating in keeping with the times . In general, a balcony was planned for half of the tenants. It was only in the period after the political change that these houses were retrofitted with additional balconies.
The industrially manufactured blocks and ceiling elements of the first houses were produced in the newly built concrete plant in Berlin's Ostseestrasse . Other block construction types designed were IW57 and IW58, but in significantly smaller numbers with a more classic hipped roof .
Shortly after the Q3A block buildings, which were first built in 1957 and can be found in all eight districts of East Berlin at the time, the design of further buildings in transverse wall construction followed. The type of the mostly four-storey QX series was no longer planned from blocks, but more economically from concrete strips. In the Hans-Loch-Viertel , the first large new housing estate in East Berlin after the Second World War in Friedrichsfelde , a district of the Berlin-Lichtenberg district , most of the QX houses can be found in addition to a few Q3A blocks. While the Q3A was built throughout the GDR, the QX series is only available in a few other locations. It is more of a test series.
From 1959 to 1983 the even more frequently built houses in the transverse wall panel construction followed (QP and QP64 for the main year of use 1964). The building was built with five, eight or ten floors and, in contrast to the two previous Q series, the building regulations of the time with an elevator. This is the first house type in industrial large-panel construction . The individual panel elements completely form a wall of a room. The most noticeable and visible feature of many houses in the QP series are colored, mostly white or yellow tiles used to cover the outer walls. The first buildings in this series were erected in Berlin between Strausberger and Alexanderplatz , in the western half of what was then Stalinallee and also in the Hans-Loch district.
At the beginning of the 1970s, the five-, six- or eleven-storey series of housing series 70 - the most frequently implemented with around 900,000 residential units - was added. As part of the special construction program for the Berlin-Capital of the GDR , the building types P2 and WHH GT 18 , one of the first types of large panel construction, were also implemented.
Technical specifications
Q3A
- Basic principle: lightweight concrete construction from blocks
- Mass of the finished parts: maximum 0.8 t
- Distance between the inner transverse walls: 2.40 m and 3.60 m
- Building depth: 10.0 m
- Roof shape: flat sloping cold roof with bituminous roofing membranes
- Balcony arrangement: if available, then in pairs on the long side
- Built in Berlin: 1957–1969 28,600 residential units
- following variants: IW64 (type Brandenburg)
QX
- Basic principle: lightweight concrete construction from strips
- Mass of the finished parts: maximum 1.0 t
- Roof shape: flat sloping, ventilated cold roof
- Balcony arrangement: in pairs and individually on the long side
- Built in Berlin: 1959–1964 3,300 residential units
- following variant: type Magdeburg
QP
- Basic principle: lightweight concrete construction from panels
- Mass of the finished parts: maximum 5.0 t
- Types: QP59, QP61, QP62, QP64, QP71, QP71R
- Roof shape: butterfly-shaped cold roof with a crawl space
- Balcony arrangement: depending on type, on the long side and both front sides
- Built in Berlin: 1959–1983 35,000 residential units
