Coracoid

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Skeleton of an African ostrich from the front
1 sternum, 2 coracoid, 3 clavicle,
4 shoulder blade, 5 humerus,
6 ribs, 7 thigh bones,
8 tibia, 9 fibula

The Coracoid , Os coracoides or Os coracoideum (to Greek κορακοειδής korakoeidés, raven-like, from κόραξ korax , raven ), German raven leg or raven bones, is one of the three original bones of the shoulder girdle in vertebrates .

In the bony fish (Osteichthyes) the coracoid forms a U-shaped bone support with the shoulder blade ( scapula ). In the amphibians there is another small bone, the procoracoid. In recent reptiles the coracoid is mostly only gnarled , in snakes (Serpentes) only a remnant is present.

In birds (Aves), the coracoid is the strongest bone of the shoulder girdle and lies as a rod-shaped, vertical and slightly to the side oriented support in front of the chest ( thorax ). It articulates ventrally with the breastbone ( sternum ) and backward ( dorsal ) with the shoulder blade, collarbone and humerus ( humerus ), thus taking part in the formation of the shoulder joint .

In the case of mammals (Mammalia) a coracoid is only in the monotremes formed (Monotremata) and some sea cows. In the other mammals, it has regressed to an extension located on the shoulder blade, the raven beak extension ( coracoid process ).

literature

  1. ↑ T. Koch, R. Berg, W. Heinze: Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. Volume I: Musculoskeletal System. 2nd Edition. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena 1970.
  2. ↑ JJ Baumel, LM Witmer: Osteologia. In: JJ Baumel, AS King, JE Breazile, HE Evans, JC Vanden Berge (eds.): Nomina Anatomica Avium. 2nd Edition. Nuttall Ornithological Club, Cambridge 1993, pp. 45-132.
  3. ↑ H. Triepel: The anatomical names. Your derivation and pronunciation. With an appendix: Biographical Notes. 3. Edition. JF Bergmann publishing house, Wiesbaden 1910.
  4. ^ HG Liddell, R. Scott: A Greek-English Lexicon. revised and augmented throughout by Sir Henry Stuart Jones, with the assistance of Roderick McKenzie. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1940.
  5. ^ Franz-Viktor Salomon, Maria-Elisabeth Krautwald-Junghanns: Anatomy of the birds . In: Franz-Viktor Salomon u. a. (Ed.): Anatomy for veterinary medicine . 2nd Edition. Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8304-1075-1 , pp. 754-814 .