Overexploitation (mining)

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In mining, overexploitation is a process in which the extraction of the deposit is aimed at maximizing profits in the short term. This process does not pay attention to the sustainability of the mining, but only to the current greatest benefit.

Procedure and impact

With overexploitation, only the most valuable parts of a deposit are mined. In addition, it limited the exploitation of the most leichtesten to winning deposit parts. As a result, the deposit is only partially exploited. Ultimately, this leads to the fact that whoever is overexploiting - due to the lower costs - achieves a significantly higher profit than the competition. However, anyone who exploits a deposit by means of overexploitation will soon run out again. As a result of the restriction to easily recoverable fractions in overexploitation, a large part of the usable minerals remains in the deposit. If someone later wants to dismantle the remaining parts of the deposit, this is often only possible at significantly higher costs. For the predator, this means that if he decides to continue mining the deposit, he will have to use the previous profits to continue mining.

Classification as overexploitation

Whether mining can be classified as overexploitation or not depends on the current state of mining technology, processing technology and the earnings situation. Strictly speaking, one can already speak of overexploitation if the mining operator neglects the necessary investigative activities or the necessary alignment work . The classification of a dismantling as overexploitation is carried out by an expert. Already in the early mountain regulations it was described what counted as overexploitation. According to the Prussian land law, the uneconomical chopping of the upper middle was considered overexploitation. For this reason, when laying out the mine, it is necessary to lay out the excavations in such a way that the other parts of the deposit can also be removed as if the corresponding area had not been scratched. If construction is carried out too close to the surface, water can penetrate the deeper parts of the pit and make them unusable. As a result, it is then no longer possible to dismantle these lower parts of the deposit. Furthermore, the dismantling of the necessary mountain festivals, the main line and the tunnel pillars was considered overexploitation. Since the minerals of a deposit have to be mined as completely as possible, it is often necessary to leave safety pillars at certain points . By removing these pillars can ventilation or drainage major disruption. Ultimately, the substations under the tunnels and routes , if this disrupts the regular operation of the mine, also counts as overexploitation. The substation construction may only be carried out with the approval of the mining authority under certain conditions. According to the General Austrian Mining Act of May 23, 1854, it was even considered overexploitation if no precautions were taken for the mining of minerals and no new mining agents were prepared .

Consequences under mining law

The legal consequences for those who operated overexploitation were regulated quite differently. This is because the legal provisions against overexploitation are incumbent on the respective state. According to the General Austrian Mining Act, the mining authorities were required to act by advising the miners to ensure that no overexploitation was carried out. In the case of particularly conspicuous violations, the mining authorities were obliged to call in an expert. Received the Berggericht from the depletion or by displaying own perception regard, the corresponding underground workings was by the members of Mountain Court traveled . The mountain court then called the respective trades to account. At the first conviction, the minerals depleted by overexploitation were taken away from the person concerned. In case of repetition, which by the was after instruction by the mining authority, the person concerned award granted mining rights withdrawn. If the tradesmen continued the exploitation anyway, the mine could be taken away from him. With the entry into force of the General Mining Act for the Prussian States, the miners were obliged to submit an operating plan to the mining authorities for every mining activity . Failure to comply with this operating plan could result in fines. In addition, the mining authority was authorized to suspend operations in particularly serious cases .

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: The small mining dictionary. 7th edition, Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1988, ISBN 3-7739-0501-7 .
  2. ^ Gustav Köhler: Textbook of mining science. 6th improved edition, published by Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig 1903
  3. ^ A b Carl Hellmut Fritzsche: Textbook of mining science. Second volume, 10th edition, Springer Verlag, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1962
  4. ↑ a b c Fritz Heise, Fritz Herbst: Textbook of mining science with special consideration of hard coal mining. First volume, published by Julius Springer, Berlin 1908
  5. ↑ a b J. Niederist: Fundamentals of mining science. kk court book and art dealer FA Credner, Prague 1863
  6. ↑ a b c d Christian Heinrich Gottlieb Hake: Commentary on mining law with constant consideration of the most noble mining regulations, combined with the technology necessary for lawyers. Kommerzienrath JE von Seidel Kunst- und Buchhandlung, Sulzbach im Regenkkreis Beierns 1823
  7. ↑ a b c d Hermann Brassert: Mountain regulations of the Prussian lands. FC Eisen's Königliche Hof-Buch- und Kunsthandlung, Cologne 1858
  8. ^ Hermann Brassert (ed.): The mining law of the general Prussian land law in its materials. With Adolph Marcus, Bonn 1861
  9. ↑ a b Explanatory dictionary of the technical terms and foreign words that occur in the mining industry, in metallurgy and in salt works, and technical art expressions that occur in salt works. Falkenberg'schen Buchhandlung publishing house, Burgsteinfurt 1869
  10. ↑ a b Gustav von Gränzstein: The general Austrian mining law of 23 May 1854 and the ordinances on mining taxes. Published by Friedrich Manz, Vienna 1855
  11. ^ Carl Michael Zerrenner: Textbook of German mining law. Second division, published by W. Opez, Gotha 1864
  12. ^ Joseph Tausch: The mining law of the Austrian Empire. Second revised and enlarged edition, published by JG Ritter von Wösle, Vienna 1834
  13. ^ H. Gräff: Handbuch des Prussischen Bergrechts. Second increased and improved edition, by Georg Philipp Aderholz, Breslau 1856
  14. ^ Ferdinand Schulz: Handbuch des Prussischen Bergrechts. At GD Bädeker, Essen 1856
  15. ↑ C. Hahn (Hrsg.): General Mining Law for the Prussian States of June 24, 1865. In addition to the complete material to explain the same. Publishing house of the Royal Secret Ober-Hofbuchdruckerei R. b. Decker, Berlin 1865