Rune

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The extensive accumulation of runs / gullies leads to the formation of badlands

As Runse also Gully , in which is geomorphology a linear shaped form of removal respectively. The term is used either for a mostly young Holocene erosion canyon with a notch-shaped cross-section in the low mountain range or in loess landscapes or for a furrow in the high mountains that has been created by draining precipitation .

Runs in the sense of erosion ravines can arise naturally or as a result of anthropogenic interventions in the landscape (mainly deforestation and overgrazing ).

Smaller structures are called rinsing gutters, and they are called runners if they are of a size that no longer enables normal agriculture in this area.

Runs are numerous in the German low mountain range and are up to 15 meters deep and several 100 meters long. Similar shapes with a depth of up to 50 meters are known from other parts of the world, for example on the Chinese loess plateau.

A run usually includes an alluvial fan or alluvial cone on which the soil and debris removed is deposited. Geographers assume that the main periods of origin were the 11th and 12th centuries and the 17th and 18th centuries, when deforestation was well advanced through considerable agricultural and forestry use in many regions of Europe. The disaster year 1342 with the Magdalen flood plays a special role . In the summer of this year alone, after a severe storm ( Vb weather situation ), several 100 gullies are said to have formed in the German low mountain ranges.

Furthermore, the term run is understood to mean the channel-shaped hollow shape of a Mur outlet in high mountains. The English and international name is Gully .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans-Rudolf Bork et al. a .: Landscape development in Central Europe. Effects of humans on landscapes (Perthes Geography College). Klett-Perthes, Gotha 1998, ISBN 3-623-00849-4 .

literature

  • Christian Stolz: Historical rifts in the water catchment area of ​​the Aar between Wiesbaden and Limburg (Geologische Abhandlungen Hessen; Vol. 117). HLUG, Wiesbaden 2008, ISBN 978-3-89531-819-1 (plus dissertation, University of Frankfurt / M. 2005).
  • Hans-Rudolf Bork u. a .: Landscape development in Central Europe. Effects of humans on landscapes (Perthes Geography College). Klett-Perthes, Gotha 1998, ISBN 3-623-00849-4 .
  • Arnd Wolfram Bauer: Soil erosion in the forest areas of the eastern Taunus from a historical and contemporary perspective. Extent, causes and geo-ecological effects (Frankfurter geoscientific work / D; Vol. 14). IPG, Frankfurt / M. 1993, ISBN 3-922540-44-9 (also dissertation, University of Frankfurt / M. 1990)