Rules for German spelling (official works)

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Leipzig rule book 1857

Rules for German spelling is a short and collective name for the semi-official and official sets of rules on German spelling with a dictionary that have been published in German-speaking countries since 1855.

history

The rules and regulations go in their structure and largely also in the matter to the present day on the work on German orthography from the scientifically practical standpoint, the result of the agreement between the teachers of the general and urban secondary school in Leipzig, Leipzig 1857 (second edition 1867), by Dr. Karl Klaunig back. From this work Klaunig produced an excerpt under the title Rules and vocabulary for German spelling for the use of the pupils of the general citizen and municipal secondary school in Leipzig [Leipziger Regelbuch], Leipzig 1857. This excerpt consisted of a rule part and a dictionary. Although Klaunig was referring to the work rules and vocabulary for German spelling, published two years earlier , printed at the event of the Royal High School College in Hanover, Hanover in 1855, he simplified the rules and, through his accompanying detailed elaboration, the Leipzig rule book and its structure helped achieve the breakthrough, so that it was used in the Leipzig schools and beyond until 1880 and served as a model for other rule books.

The first official set of rules with this structure appeared in 1861 under the title Rules and Dictionary for German Spelling, officially established for use in the Württemberg schools, Stuttgart 1861. Almost two decades later, rules and dictionaries for German spelling followed in the Kingdom of Bavaria the Bavarian schools, Munich undated [1879] and in the Kingdom of Prussia Rules for German spelling for use in the Prussian schools, Berlin 1880. These two works also referred to the resolutions of the 1st Orthographic Conference , which was held in Berlin in 1876 had taken place. The opinion prevails to this day that this conference was unsuccessful, but it was the origin of the first publication of official rulebooks in German states, albeit without a particular reform of the writing. The Bavarian and Prussian rulebooks were followed in 1880 and 1881 in the Kingdom of Saxony and in the Grand Duchy of Baden . In Austria , too , the first official rulebook was published in 1879 under the title Rules and Dictionary for German Spelling, Vienna 1879.

Since the dictionary is limited in the official regulations and not everyone was able to derive the correct spelling of a word from the rules, a market for non-official dictionaries opened up. Konrad Dudens Complete Orthographic Dictionary of the German Language, Leipzig 1880 and his Complete Orthographic Dictionary for Schools, Leipzig 1882 were early market leaders. In these dictionaries, all spellings were - allegedly completely - derived from the official regulations. The few deviations between the sets of rules were pointed out for the respective words.

For school lessons, the spelling problem was basically solved, because the teachers had to follow the official rulebooks. However, the fact remained that there were - albeit minor - deviations between the official regulations of Bavaria and Prussia (e.g. literature - literature), and that the other German states followed one or the other spelling or added their own regulations could publish other spellings. In fact, most of the German states have subscribed to the Prussian set of rules and the Dudens dictionary derived from them. There was, however, the curiosity that a decree by Otto von Bismarck forbade the authorities of the Kingdom of Prussia and the German Empire to use the “new spelling” from the official rulebooks in the event of a fine. This was valid until 1902. In 1900 a semi-official vocabulary was published for the Reichspost based on the rules that had been taught in schools before 1880.

Almost complete agreement in the official rulebooks, which were still being published in parallel in the German states, was achieved at the II Orthographic Conference , which took place in Berlin in 1901. Since this conference, the works have been uniform apart from a few double spellings (different spellings with equal rights) and since then have been titled Rules for German Spelling and Dictionary . They were published in Baden, Bavaria, Prussia, Saxony and Württemberg until the middle of the 20th century. In Saxony, the work Punctuation and Foreign Word Germanization was published in addition to the writing rules for German spelling and vocabulary .

No official rulebooks appeared for 50 years after the Second World War . In the Soviet zone of occupation in 1946 rules for German spelling and vocabulary and examples for punctuation appeared and in the western zones in 1948 Otto Basler's German orthography, rules and vocabulary, Munich 1948. These works had a semi-official character, because they were not published on official order, but they have been approved for use in schools, some with conditions. Only one Stuttgart rulebook from 1949 bears the subtitle Published on behalf of the Württemberg-Baden Ministry of Culture .

The Federal Republic of Germany published the first official spelling rules on October 31, 1996 under the title German Spelling, Rules and Vocabulary, Official Regulation in Bundesanzeiger 205a / 1996. In Bavaria, the rules had already been published on July 31, 1996 in the official journal of the Bavarian State Ministry for Education, Culture, Science and Art. North Rhine-Westphalia published the set of rules in 1996 in book form. This set of rules from 1996 retains the structure of the semi-official and official sets of rules from the 19th century. The revised versions from 2004 and 2006 have not changed anything in terms of structure, they have a rule section and a dictionary.

Official regulations

Until 1902

  • Rules and vocabulary for German spelling, officially established for use in the Württemberg schools, Stuttgart 1861.
  • Rules and vocabulary for German spelling for use in Bavarian schools. Munich undated [1879], edited by official order, published by R. Oldenbourg.
  • Rules and vocabulary for German spelling. Vienna 1879, in the imperial-royal school books publishers.
  • Rules and vocabulary for German spelling for use in Prussian schools. Berlin 1880, published on behalf of the Royal Ministry of Spiritual, Educational and Medical Affairs, Weidmannsche Buchhandlung.
  • Rules and vocabulary for German spelling for use in Saxon schools. Dresden 1880, on behalf of the Königl. Ministry of Culture and Public Education, General Ordinance of October 9, 1880, published by Alwin Huhle.
  • Rules and vocabulary for German spelling for use in Baden schools. Lahr 1881, printed and published by JH Geiger.

From 1902 to 1945

  • Rules for the German spelling and dictionary. Berlin 1902, published on behalf of the Royal Ministry of Spiritual, Educational and Medical Matters, Weidmannsche Buchhandlung.
  • Rules for the German spelling and dictionary. Dresden 1902, published on behalf of the Ministry for Public Education for the Free State of Saxony, General Ordinance of October 21, 1902, Alwin Huhle, Verlagbuchhandlung.
  • Rules for the German spelling and dictionary. Vienna 1902, new, changed edition (small edition), only edition authorized by the kk ministry for culture and education, published by the imperial and royal school books publishers.
  • Punctuation and German language translation. Dresden 1902, in connection with the text “Rules for German spelling and dictionary”, Alwin Huhle, Verlagbuchhandlung.
  • Rules for the German spelling and dictionary. Lahr 1903, for use in schools in Baden on behalf of Grand Heart. Ministry of Justice, Culture and Education, printed and published by Moritz Schauenburg.
  • Rules for the German spelling and dictionary. Munich 1903, published by the Royal Bavarian State Ministry of the Interior for Church and School Affairs on the basis of an agreement with the German federal governments and Austria, Verlag R. Oldenbourg.
  • Rules for the German spelling and dictionary. Stuttgart 1904, With an appendix on punctuation marks, published on behalf of the Royal Württemberg Ministry of Churches and Schools, JB Metzlerscher Verlag.
  • Rules for the German spelling and dictionary. Berlin 1912, published on behalf of the Royal Prussian Ministry of Spiritual and Educational Affairs, Weidmannsche Buchhandlung.

After 1945

  • Rules for German spelling [Addition on the cover: A rule section and a dictionary]. Stuttgart 1949, published on behalf of the Württembergisch-Baden Ministry of Culture, 20th edition, revised by Wilhelm Schradi, J. B. Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung.
  • German spelling, rules and vocabulary. Appendix to: Announcement of the joint declaration of intent on the revision of German spelling - Vienna declaration of intent - from July 1, 1996. Bonn 1996, Federal Gazette number 205a of October 31, 1996, ISSN 0720-6100.
  • German spelling, rules and dictionary, official regulation. Munich 1996, Official Gazette of the Bavarian State Ministry for Education, Culture, Science and Art, Part I, Special Issue 1, published in Munich on July 31, 1996.
  • German spelling, rules and dictionary, official regulation. Düsseldorf 1996, published by the Ministry for Schools and Further Education of North Rhine-Westphalia, Concept Verlag GmbH, Düsseldorf, ISBN 3-931795-06-3 .
  • Austrian dictionary . 43rd edition, Vienna 2016. (1st edition: 1951) The official German language regulations valid for Austria, published on behalf of the Federal Ministry of Education; ISBN 978-3-209-08513-9 (school edition ), ISBN 978-3-209-08514-6 (full edition), ISBN 978-3-209-09360-8 (dictionary and e-book), ISBN 978- 3-209-04863-9 (compact edition )

Semi-official regulations

Until 1945

  • Rules and vocabulary for German spelling. Hanover 1855, at the event of the Royal High School Collogium in Hanover.
  • About German orthography from a scientifically practical point of view: the result of the agreement between the teachers of the general middle school and the municipal secondary school in Leipzig / on the initiative of Dir. Dr. Vogel u. under Mitw. e. Edit Comm. appointed for examination by K. Klaunig. Leipzig: Schlicke, 1857.
  • Rules and vocabulary for German spelling for use by the pupils of the general and urban secondary school in Leipzig. Leipzig 1857, published by Bernhard Schlicke.
  • Instructions for German spelling [content: rules of spelling, dictionary of words]. Hanover 1861, printed as a manuscript for the army's teaching establishments, Hahn'sche Hofbuchhandlung.
  • Rules and vocabulary for German orthography. Berlin 1871, published for school use by the Association of Berlin High School and Real School Teachers, H. Ebeling.
  • Rules and vocabulary for German spelling for use in the schools of the Evangelical Church AB in Transylvania. Sibiu 1882, publisher of the State Consistory.
  • Alphabetical dictionary for spelling in the Reichs-Post- und Telegraphenverwaltung. Berlin 1900, An auxiliary book for all post and telegraph officials who have to express themselves in writing in official traffic, according to the latest authoritative works, especially according to the rules resulting from the civil code, edited by Oskar Nitschke, senior post assistant, second, unchanged edition , In self-publishing. [Old spelling (before 1880)].

After 1945

  • Rules for German spelling, including a dictionary and examples of punctuation. Berlin / Leipzig 1946, Volk und Wissen Verlags-GMBH
  • German spelling, rules and vocabulary. Munich 1949, 3rd expanded edition, edited by Otto Basler, published by R. Oldenbourg.
  • Rules for German spelling with a dictionary. Berlin-Cologne 1952, 4th edition, Weidmann-Greven-Verlag, "The present edition was published by Dr. Dr. med. On the basis of the official rules for German spelling that have been published by the Weidmannsche Verlagbuchhandlung for decades. Wilhelm Dittrich and Edda Prochownik ”.
  • Council for German Spelling (Hrsg.): German Spelling. Rules and vocabulary: Official regulation . Gunter Narr Verlag Tübingen, 2006, ISBN 978-3-8233-6270-8

  • Contents (Leipzig 1857)

  • Bavarian rule book 1879

  • Prussian rulebook 1880

  • Saxon rule book 1902

  • Prussian rule book 1912

  • Soviet Zone Rulebook 1946

See also

literature

  • K. [Karl] Klaunig: About German orthography from the scientifically practical standpoint, the result of the agreement between the teachers of the general middle school and the municipal secondary school in Leipzig. Leipzig 1857, published by Bernhard Schlicke.
  • Rudolf von Raumer: Collected Linguistic Writings. Frankfurt a. M. & Erlangen 1863, published by Heyder and Zimmer.
  • Negotiations of the conference called for the creation of a larger agreement in German orthography. Halle 1876, Berlin, January 4th to 15th, 1876, published on behalf of the Königl. Prussian Minister of Education, publishing house of the bookstore of the orphanage.
  • W. [Wilhelm] Wilmanns: Commentary on the Prussian school orthography. Berlin 1880, Weidmannsche Buchhandlung.
  • Hallensleben: The new German spelling. In: Annual report on the school year from Easter 1903 to Easter 1904, submitted by the Fritsch school council, director. Arnstadt 1904, Fürstl. Emil Frotscher's court book printer.

Web links