Regensburg Treaty (1541)
The Regensburg Treaty is a secret treaty signed on June 13, 1541 in Regensburg between Emperor Charles V and Landgrave Philip I of Hesse .
prehistory
The married Philip of Hesse met Margarethe von der Saale - a court maid of his sister - in 1539 and fell in love with her. Her mother only wanted to agree to a love affair based on marriage. The landgrave hoped to find a solution to the situation through a double marriage . After some hesitation , the evangelical reformers Luther , Melanchthon and Bucer questioned by him in this matter support this solution, despite in some cases considerable reservations.
In the eyes of contemporaries, however, a double marriage was a serious crime and led to a serious crisis in the Reformation . According to the Embarrassing Court Regulations §121 issued by Emperor Charles V in 1532, this could be punished with death. Philip had therefore lost his political room for maneuver and was largely dependent on the emperor's grace.
negotiations
Philip tried to reach a contractual agreement with Charles V and offered to thwart the alliance negotiations between his Saxon brother-in-law and France (July 1540) , which were directed against the emperor . He also offered his support against France, the Ottomans and England .
On October 28, the emperor accepted his offer. On the fringes of the Worms Religious Discussion in 1540, the first concrete negotiations between imperial envoys and the Hessian chancellor took place. The parties were only able to agree on a final version at the Regensburg Reichstag in 1541. The signature took place on June 13, 1541 in Regensburg.
Provisions
In the treaty, Philip undertook not to enter into an alliance with the French King Francis I or other foreign powers. In addition, he was supposed to prevent the Duke of Kleve from being accepted into the Schmalkaldic League, prevent the Confederation from intervening in the war for the Duchy of Geldern and, in the event of a war with France, support the emperor militarily.
In return, the emperor assured " everything and everything that is, if he acted against us, our brother or against imperial law and order and the order of the empire [...], indulged and abandoned ". However, Karl made an important exception: " unless it were because of religion against all Protestants in common warfare ".
literature
- Alfred Kohler: Charles V 1500–1558. A biography . CH Beck, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-406-45359-7 . P. 269/270
- German history in sources and representations Volume 3: Reformation period 1495 - 1555 . Philipp Reclam jun. Stuttgart, ISBN 3-15-017003-6 . P. 395
Web links
- Digitization of the image in the photo archive of older original documents of the Philipps University of Marburg Confirmation privilege of Charles V for the University of Marburg, issued at the Reichstag in Regensburg in 1541 in the context of the negotiations on the Regensburg Agreement.
Remarks
- ↑ Transcript of the DEs most transparent, great, most powerful, most vnonquerable Keyser of Charles the fifth: vnnd of the holy Roman Empire embarrassing court order ... , Meyntz, Ivo Schöffer, 1533 ( Memento from January 23, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 679 kB)
- ↑ Quoted from: Kohler, Karl V, p. 270
- ↑ Quoted from: Kohler, Karl V, p. 270