Drawing material
Drawing tools are a collection of drawing tools for technical drawings , which are therefore also called cracks . In order to achieve high drawing accuracy, particularly thin lines are required, which are scratched (torn) with the razor-sharp or needle-sharp drawing device and only drawn out with Indian ink when necessary .
The drawing material usually includes various compasses for removing circles and ellipses and the drawing or drawing pen for drawing out the drawing with the finest ink stroke. A scale, ruler, triangles, a chisel-shaped hard pencil and the copying needle for transferring measured points and lines onto the drawing complete the drawing material.
Drawing nibs and drawing spring inserts for compasses were replaced in the 1970s by the introduction of ink pens . Today technical drawings are created on the computer. The drawing material is therefore no longer of any importance in this area, except for processing very old drawings.
Falling zero circle for circles from ½ mm in diameter
Copying needle
Drawing pen for hairlines
application
Use the chisel-shaped pencil to draw a baseline for further construction. The hard pencil leaves a barely visible line, but cuts the line very finely into the paper. With the rule and the copying needle, the first measurements are now taken on this line. You can feel whether the needle is correctly positioned in the cut line. With the help of two triangular rulers you can now draw perpendiculars to the baseline. You can feel when the pencil hits the foot point that was removed with the copying needle and the line is therefore exactly in size. In this way, even large-format cracks can be executed with an accuracy of better than 3/10 mm.
The copying needle was also used to copy drawings: the points of intersection of lines were transferred from the original to an underlying copy by piercing. Then the lines between the points were drawn with the drawing spring.
The cartographers mainly used the circle of zero points to mark survey points with small circles with a diameter of 1 mm.
In modern calligraphy, on the other hand, the drawing pen is used again as a writing instrument . Well-known calligraphers such as Friedrich Poppl and Gottfried Pott used this pen for their works. The latter ensured the spread of the drawing pen in the United States and designed the Ruling Script, a typeface written with a drawing pen. Depending on the position of the drawing pen, the line width varies greatly, whereby the line resembles that of a brush. The folding pen was developed as a modification of the drawing pen for calligraphy.
Drawing pen and ruler (1901)
Drawing material (around 1904)
Various devices (1904)
