Reich Academy for Physical Exercise

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The German Reich Academy for Physical Exercise , which became part of the Nazi Reich Association for Physical Exercise after 1938 , was the top teaching and research facility in the German Reich for sport and sports science during the Nazi era .

organization

Its predecessor organization was the German University for Physical Education , which was founded in Berlin in 1920 and closed in 1935 and renamed in 1936.

From April 1, 1936, during the Nazi era, the German Reich Academy for Physical Education served to promote German physical education in the spirit of Nazi ideology and reduced the three-year training to one of just one year. In addition, trainer courses were also offered to select potential future leaders . Its seat was on the grounds of the Reichssportfeld in Berlin-Charlottenburg. By the Führer decree of April 7, 1936, it was a Reich authority . The aim was "uniform driver training in the area of ​​physical education". Its president was the Reich Sports Leader Hans von Tschammer und Osten . The ministers Wilhelm Frick and Bernhard Rust as well as Tschammer formed the board of trustees of the Reich Academy. The Reichssportführer was appointed president, who was represented by the director of the Reichsakademie. The post of director was occupied by Ministerialdirektor Carl Krümmel as the main director. Carl Diem , who had not been appointed professor, was responsible for foreign relations from 1939 onwards.

As part of the training, 1) "particularly suitable state teachers of physical education should receive a uniform leadership training for the Reich", further 2) the freelance "gymnastics and sports teachers should be given practical and scientifically in-depth professional training" and, in addition, 3) "advanced training courses for members of the organizations, who are active in the field of physical exercise and physical education ”. Following the “principle of selection of leaders”, one “could not register for studies”, but was “sent as an assessor or as a sports teacher of the freelance profession or by branches of the party ” after completing their studies . The last course was offered in the summer of 1939. Women were not allowed. Compared to the research work at the University of Physical Education, only remnants remained, despite the fact that the staff had been largely taken over, because the emphasis on ideological training prevented further development of actual sports science and sports education. Sports medicine research was headed by Himmler's later personal physician, Karl Gebhardt .

The sports historian Horst Ueberhorst sums up the military drill in 1976: “Because the physical educator has to be more than a mere mediator of physical skills and because he has to educate the whole person, he himself has to be firmly rooted in folklore and race, he has to become a leader Confess your ability to defend yourself. "(Quotes from Ristau)

In 1935, a “driving school” under Alfred Petzhold was set up in Neustrelitz Castle , which was subordinated to the University Institute for Physical Education at the University of Berlin , in order to conduct nationwide exercise courses in sport. She was also subordinate to Ministerialdirektor Krümmel, whose department in the Reich Ministry of Education (Amt K) largely moved there in the course of the war. Krümmel envisaged a teaching and research facility for physical education and thus for school teachers, which separated school and university from the tasks of the NSRL and distinguished itself from the HJ. Due to the lack of men, mostly female teachers were trained there.

Succession organization

The successor organization today is the German Sport University , which also took over the extensive library holdings of the German Reichsakademie für physical exercises of over 10,000 volumes, in which various historical collections had been incorporated before the Second World War, such as the library of the Dresden and Prague fencing clubs with valuable literature on fencing and Duel since the 16th century.

literature

  • Katrin Bosch: The importance and function of the Neustrelitz leadership school in the system of National Socialist physical education . Phil. Diss. Essen 2008. online
  • Jörn-Arne Ristau: Sport and Sports Medicine in National Socialist Germany - Development and design of a specialist discipline with special consideration of the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Diss. Berlin 2013 dnb online
  • Horst Ueberhorst: Carl Krümmel and the National Socialist physical education , Berlin 1976.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Arnd Krüger : Gymnastics and gymnastics lessons at the time of the Weimar Republic. Basis of today's misery in school sports? In: Arnd Krüger, Dieter Niedlich (ed.): Causes of the misery of school sports in Germany. Konrad Paschen on his 70th birthday. London: Arena 1979, pp. 13-31. ISBN 0-902175-37-8

Web links