Republic of Kuwait

جمهورية الكويت
Republic of Kuwait
1990
Official language	Arabic
Capital	Kuwait City
Form of government	republic
Government system	Military dictatorship
Head of state	Alaa Hussein Ali
Head of government	Alaa Hussein Ali
surface	17,818 km²
founding	4th August 1990
resolution	August 28, 1990

Alaa Hussein Ali (left) with Saddam Hussein on August 7, 1990 in Baghdad

The Republic of Kuwait was a state that only existed for a few days in August 1990. He replaced the Emirate of Kuwait. While Iraq under the dictator Saddam Hussein conquered Kuwait on August 2, 1990 , an intra-Kuwaiti coup d'état was supported by Iraqi troops. According to Iraqi information, "Kuwaiti revolutionaries" who are said to have called the Iraqis into the country were supported. A provisional government of free Kuwait was established on August 4th by the Iraqi authorities. The government consisted of nine Kuwaiti officers and was led by Alaa Hussein Ali , who as Prime Minister was also head of state ( Raʾīs al-Wuzarāʾ ). The autocratic ruling emir of Kuwait, Jabir al-Ahmad al-Jabir as-Sabah , fled into exile in Saudi Arabia on August 2 , where he led a Kuwaiti government in exile .

history

The new Kuwaiti government accused al-Sabah of having ruled anti-democratic, pro- imperialist and against the will of the people. In addition, he was pro- Zionist , national resources would be wasted and enriched themselves personally. Ali declared the establishment of an independent people's army to replace the Iraqi occupation. Non-Kuwaiti Arabs who were foreign workers in Kuwait were offered Kuwaiti citizenship. (At this time made Kuwaiti citizens only about 40 percent of the population of Kuwait, the majority were migrant workers mainly from Palestine or Jordan.) The newspaper of the new government was the newspaper an-Nida , after the day of the call , the second August 1990, was named. This title should allude to the call for Iraqi aid that the Kuwaiti people allegedly gave to the Iraqis to get rid of the Kuwait monarchy.

Walid Saud Abdullah, the new Foreign Minister of the Republic of Kuwait, said on August 5: "countries that resort to punitive measures against the provisional free Kuwait government... Should remember that they have interests and nationals in Kuwait.... If these countries insist on aggression against Kuwait and Iraq, the Kuwaiti government will then reconsider the method of dealing with these countries. " ("Countries considering punitive measures against the Interim Free Kuwait Government ... should remember that they have interests and citizens in Kuwait .... If these countries insist on aggression against Kuwait and Iraq the Kuwaiti government will then reconsider how she will deal with these countries "). Saddam's half-brother Sabawi Ibrahim al-Tikriti , who worked for the Iraqi intelligence service, was sent to Kuwait on August 4 to set up intelligence structures similar to those in Iraq.

The new government did not succeed in gaining broad support for the new government among the Kuwaiti people. It appears that most of the Kuwaitis felt attached to the government in exile. Iraq claimed initially that its presence in Kuwait would be limited until "a new era of freedom, democracy, justice and real prosperity in society" was reached. Iraq promised to leave Kuwait as soon as the Provisional Government and the internal security situation were established. This should be the case after a few weeks. Despite international condemnation of the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq and a lack of international support for the new government, the Republic of Kuwait was officially proclaimed on August 7th. International recognition did not follow. A day later, Iraq declared the annexation of the new state. In doing so, he made historical claims. The Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council issued a statement: "The Kuwaiti Free Provisional Government has decided to appeal to the Iraqi brothers to join the Knight of the Arabs, President Field Marshal Saddam Hussein. We agree that his sons will return to their extended family that Kuwait is returning to great Iraq, mother and homeland, and achieving the complete merger between Kuwait and Iraq. Hussein Ali was appointed Deputy Prime Minister of Iraq, while Ali Hasan al-Majid was appointed Governor of Kuwait, according to the Turkish newspaper Milliyet Hussein said in September 1990 that the international hostile response had reaffirmed the determination of the Iraqi people.

On August 28, the officially independent territory was converted to Kuwait Province within Iraqi territory. Kuwait was declared the 19th province of Iraq and annexed by Iraq. After the Gulf War, this status was declared ended on February 26, 1991 and the old ruler of Kuwait, Emir as-Sabah, was again head of government of the Emirates Kuwait.

Follow up

Alaa fled to Iraq after the US victory and lived there until 1998. Alaa was sentenced to death in 1993 in absentia for high treason in Kuwait . Alaa, who had distanced himself from Saddam Hussein since 1994, fled Iraq into exile in Norway in 1998 . For some inexplicable reason he returned to Kuwait, where he was immediately arrested. His appeal against the death penalty, which was upheld in May 2000, failed. The execution was ordered. The death penalty was commuted to life imprisonment in March 2001 . Alaa had argued that the Iraqis had been blackmailed with the lives of his family and forced to cooperate. The other eight Kuwaiti officers in the puppet government had in turn accused Alaa Hussein Ali of blackmailing her in this way. In contrast to Alaa, who also surrendered without a fight in 1990, were acquitted and rehabilitated or properly retired.

Because they sympathized with the Iraqi occupation, the majority of the Palestinian guest workers were expelled from Kuwait in 1991 and expelled .

cabinet

• Prime Minister, Defense Minister and Acting Interior Minister: Colonel Ala'a Hussein Ali al-Khafaji al-Jaber
• Foreign Minister: Lt. Col. Walid Sa'ud Muhammad Abdullah
• Minister for Oil and Acting Minister of Finance: Lt. Col. Fu'ad Hussein Ahmad
• Minister of Information and Acting Minister of Transport: Major Fadil Haydar al-Wafiqi
• Minister of Health and Housing: Major Mish'al Sa'd al-Hadab
• Minister for Social Affairs and Acting Minister of Labor: Lt. Col. Hussein Ali Duhayman al-Shammari
• Minister of Education and Acting Minister of Higher Education: Major Nasir Mansur al-Mandil
• Minister of Justice and Acting Minister for Awqaf and Islamic Affairs: Major Isam Abd al-Majid Hussein
• Minister of Commerce, Electricity and Planning: Major Ya'qub Muhammad Shallal

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Clive H. Schofield & Richard N. Schofield (Ed.). The Middle East and North Africa . New York: Routledge. 1994, p. 147.
2. ↑ Newsweek Vol. 116. 1990. p. 20.
3. ↑ Michael S. Casey. The History of Kuwait . Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. 2007, p. 93.
4. ^ Daily Report: Soviet Union . Issues 147-153. 1990, p. 124.
5. ↑ Jerry Mark Long. Saddam's War of Words: Politics, Religion, and the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait . Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. 2004. p. 27.
6. ↑ Dilip Hiro. Desert Shield to Desert Storm: The Second Gulf War . Lincoln, NE: iUniverse, Inc. 2003. p. 105.
7. ^ Human Rights Watch World Report 1992: Events of 1991 . New York: Human Rights Watch. 1991. p. 652.
8. ↑ Itamar Rabinovich and Haim Shaked (Ed.). Middle East Contemporary Survey Vol. 14. Oxford: Westview Press. 1990. p. 403.
9. ↑ Quoted in Yossi Shains, Juan José Linz and Lynn Berat. Between States: Interim Governments and Democratic Transitions . New York: Cambridge University Press. 1995, p. 113.
10. ↑ Ibrahim Al-Marashi and Sammy Salama. Iraq's Armed Forces: An Analytical History . New York: Routledge. 2008, p. 177.
11. ↑ Malcolm B. Russell. The Middle East and South Asia: 2008 . West Virginia: Stryker-Post Publications. 2008. p. 112.
12. ^ Christian Koch & David E. Long (Ed.). Gulf Security in the Twenty-First Century . Abu Dhabi: Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. 1997. Pages 217-218.
13. ↑ Rabinovich and Shaked, p. 403.
14. ↑ Efraim Karsh and Inari Rautsi. Saddam Hussein: A Political Biography . New York: Grove Press. 1991. p. 221.
15. ↑ Richard Alan Schwartz. The 1990s . New York: Facts on File, Inc. 2006, p. 74.
16. ^ Dale W. Jacobs (Ed.). World Book Focus on Terrorism . Chicago, IL: World Book, Inc. 2002, p. 17.
17. ↑ Quoted in Lawrence Freedman. A Choice of Enemies: America Confronts the Middle East . New York: PublicAffairs. 2008. Pages 217-218. see also Rabinovich and Shaked, pages 403-404.
18. ^ Paul William Roberts. The Demonic Comedy . New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 1997, p. 109.
19. ^ BBC News
20. ↑ Associated Press
21. ↑ Al Jazeera
22. ^ Richard N. Schofield (Ed.). The Iraq-Kuwait Dispute Vol. 6. Farnham Common: Archive Editions. 1994, p. 821.