Ali Hasan al-Majid
Ali Hasan (or Hassan ) al-Majid at-Tikriti ( Arabic علي حسن المجيد, DMG ʿAlī Ḥasan al-Maǧīd , also al-Majid ; * November 30, 1941 in Tikrit , Iraq ; † January 25, 2010 in Baghdad , Iraq) was an Iraqi politician and general. The cousin of Saddam Hussein was due to the commanded him poison gas called -Inserts by the Western media Chemical Ali or dt. Chemical Ali . He was sentenced to death four times for genocide , among other things , and was finally executed .
Political career
From 1987 to 1989 Ali Hasan al-Madschid was governor of the northern Iraqi provinces ( Iraqi Kurdistan ). During this time he became known as Chemie-Ali because he is said to have ordered the use of poison gas against the Kurdish population in connection with the so-called Anfal operation . Up to 5000 people were killed in the attack on the city of Halabja on March 16 and 17, 1988 alone .
After the Iraqi attack on Kuwait on August 2, 1990, he oversaw the occupation of the country. From August 28 to November 1990 he was Governor of Kuwait, which was the 19th province of Iraq to be annexed. During this time, the troops under his command reportedly committed numerous atrocities against the country's civilian population. After the war in 1991 he was responsible for suppressing the Shiite uprising in Basra and the surrounding area.
He was Interior Minister and Defense Minister from 1991 to 1995 , but was dismissed when he got into an argument with Udai Hussein , the son of Saddam Hussein. In 1995 he was allegedly responsible for the murder of Hussein Kamel (also Kamil ), the former armaments minister, who was his nephew and at the same time husband of Raghad, the daughter of Saddam. Kamil fled to Jordan in August 1995 , where he had betrayed state secrets to the CIA , MI6 and the UN . Kamil had been lured back to Iraq by his family with the prospect of impunity. In Baghdad , Ali Hasan al-Majid is said to have waited with a firing squad.
At the beginning of 2003, shortly before the Allied troops marched in, Saddam appointed Hussein al-Majid as commander in chief of southern Iraq, one of the former four Iraqi military districts . During his time as defense minister, his president had made him field marshal . Ali Hasan was next to Saddam Hussein the only Iraqi military in the rank of marshal .
Death sentences
Ali Hasan al-Madschid was number 5 on the US wanted list of the most wanted Iraqis and was arrested by US Army troops on August 17, 2003 . An Iraqi special court sentenced al-Majid first time on June 24, 2007 to death by the strand . The judgment was upheld on September 4, 2007 by the Iraqi Supreme Court. The judges saw the allegations of genocide against the Kurds , crimes against humanity and war crimes as proven. At the instigation of al-Majid, around 180,000 Kurds were killed between February and August 1988 as part of the Anfal operation. Another 1.5 million Kurds had been forcibly relocated to the south of the country. The poison gas attack on Halabja was initially not the subject of the legal proceedings.
The execution of the death sentence was initially postponed because otherwise it would have fallen in the holy month of Ramadan . A legal controversy then flared up over whether the three-man Iraqi state presidency had to determine the execution procedure by decree or whether a government decision would suffice. In addition, the then Vice-President Tariq al-Hashimi expected serious consequences after the execution of al-Majid. As an army officer he would have carried out orders for which he should not have been held accountable. He feared a precedent and numerous other lawsuits against the military. Former Defense Minister Sultan Haschim al-Taie, who had been sentenced to death together with al-Majid, also increasingly became the focus of the clashes. He enjoyed the respect of American officials because they believed he had helped break the resistance of the Iraqi army in the Iraq war. High-ranking Iraqi politicians and American commanders, including David H. Petraeus , stood up for him and demanded his pardon. However, it was said, especially from Shiite and Kurdish circles, that this could also have encouraged other war criminals to demand a reassessment of their cases. On February 29, 2008, the State Presidium approved the death sentence against al-Majid; however, in the case of al-Taies it refused to carry out the sentence. The Iraqi government announced that the sentence against al-Majid would not be carried out until the death sentences against al-Taie and another co-convict were confirmed.
On April 20, 2008, al-Majid was hospitalized after a hunger strike to protest the detention conditions. On April 23, 2008, he suffered a heart attack, believed to have been caused by the hunger strike. In addition, by this time he had been suffering from diabetes for several years . He was released from the military hospital that same day.
On December 2, 2008, he was sentenced to death for the second time by the Iraqi special tribunal, this time for the brutal suppression of the Shiite uprising after the 1991 Gulf War. A third death sentence was given on March 2, 2009; The prosecution had previously accused him of involvement in the 1999 murder of Shiite Muslims, including the Grand Ayatollah Mohammed Sadiq as-Sadr . On January 17, 2010, al-Majid was sentenced to death a fourth time for the poison gas attack on Halabja. On January 25, 2010, at the age of 68, he was executed by hanging in Baghdad .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ali Hassan al-Majid ( Memento of the original from January 5, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. www.thewiplist.com (accessed January 26, 2010).
- ↑ "Chemie-Ali" executed in Iraq ( memento from January 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) tagesschau.de, January 25, 2010.
- ↑ a b Ali Hassan al-Majid al-Tikriti ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Trial Watch (accessed January 26, 2010).
- ↑ Iraqi official known as 'Chemical Ali' executed for genocide and crimes against humanity The Independent, January 26, 2010.
- ↑ General Ali Hassan al-Majid Daily Telegraph, April 7, 2003.
- ^ "Chemical Ali" execution postponed for Ramadan Reuters, October 3, 2007.
- ^ Legal row delays hanging of Iraq's "Chemical Ali" ( Memento of December 6, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Edmonton Journal, October 17, 2007.
- ↑ a b Chemical Ali was like Saddam - death on the gallows. Süddeutsche Zeitung , May 17, 2010, accessed on August 14, 2020 . .
- ^ Hussein Aide 'Chemical' Ali Executed in Iraq New York Times, January 26, 2010.
- ^ President approves death sentence for Chemie-Ali Spiegel Online, February 29, 2008.
- ↑ "Chemie-Ali" is starving itself into the hospital Focus Online, April 20, 2008.
- ^ 'Chemical Ali' gets death sentence New York Times, June 24, 2007.
- ^ "Chemie-Ali" convicted again n-tv.de, December 2, 2008.
- ↑ a b "Chemie-Ali" receives fourth death penalty Spiegel Online, January 17, 2010.
- ↑ Third death sentence against "Chemie-Ali" Spiegel online, March 2, 2009.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Majid, Ali Hasan al- |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Majid Ali Hassan al- (English transcription); علي حسن المجيد (Arabic) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Iraqi politician and general |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 30, 1941 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Tikrit |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 25, 2010 |
| Place of death | Baghdad |