Rhine bridge Stein am Rhein
Coordinates: 47 ° 39 ′ 28 " N , 8 ° 51 ′ 32" E ; CH1903: seven hundred and six thousand six hundred and eighty-four / 279 548
| Rhine bridge Stein am Rhein | ||
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| use | Road bridge | |
| Crossing of | Rhine | |
| place | Stone at the Rhein | |
| overall length | 111 m | |
| width | 11 m | |
| Headroom | 3.6 m | |
| building-costs | 3.7 million SFr | |
| start of building | 1972 | |
| completion | 1974 | |
| location | ||
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The Rheinbrücke Stein am Rhein is a road bridge that spans the Rhine in Stein am Rhein in Switzerland at river kilometer 25.45. The bridge crosses a two-lane municipal road and sidewalks on both sides.
Roman bridges
A bridge over the Rhine near Stein am Rhein built by the Romans is documented for the years 81/82 on the basis of dendrochronological studies on wooden piles. The building near Eschenz connected the southern and northern banks of the Rhine via the eastern tip of the island of Werd . At this point the Rhine is wider, but has less current, which is especially better for a ship bridge. The structure consisted of a 217 meter long pile yoke bridge between Eschenz and the island of Werd , with a yoke spacing of 15 meters and a width of 6.4 meters. Ten wooden posts with a diameter of 30 to 45 centimeters were driven into the river bed under each yoke. The subsequent northern bridge between the island of Werd and Arach had a length of 220 meters. Since no pile remains were found in a section with a length of 74 meters, it is assumed that a ship bridge was present there.
At the end of the 3rd century a new, presumably stone bridge was built upstream in the protection of the Tasgetium fort , near today's crossing point. Under the St. Georgen Monastery on the right bank of the Rhine, excavation work found the foundations of a bridgehead that served to secure the crossing of the Rhine.
Medieval bridges
At the end of the twelfth and beginning of the thirteenth century, the first bridge was built at the narrowest point of the Rhine near Stein, probably on the instructions of the abbot of St. Georgen. The wooden bridge was documented in 1267. It was an open wooden footbridge that rested on about ten pile yokes and was accessible in one lane. Further documentary mentions of the building followed in the 14th century. Extensive repairs, including the foundation, were carried out from 1520.
During the Thirty Years War , drawbridges were built and the fortifications on the city side were reinforced. At the beginning of September 1633 the Swedes used the Rhine crossing on their way to Constance and retreat. An engraving by Matthäus Merian from 1642 shows a narrow wooden bridge on nine yokes. In the middle part, over a larger opening for shipping, the building was covered, otherwise it was open at the top. The single-lane lane had planks laid across . Stone gates and towers at the bridge ends secured the structure.
Extensive renovation and reconstruction work, which required 165 oak piles, among other things, was carried out between 1738 and 1746. On February 17, 1795, ice damaged the bridge yokes. The repair work dragged on until 1797. In 1799, French troops retreating in the Second Coalition War destroyed parts of the late medieval Rhine bridge in a fire. The lack of material and financial resources in the town of Stein then only allowed a makeshift repair of the narrow bridge, which in the following years had insufficient load-bearing capacity.
Bridges in the 19th and 20th centuries
In 1805, under the Schaffhausen municipal works master Andreas Widmer, a new bridge was built, which was followed by a major renovation and extensive renovations in 1828. The bridge gates were demolished and copper plates were installed as sealing material between the wooden planks and paving stones. In order to improve the passability for steamships at high water levels, a new, higher-lying wooden bridge was built in 1857. The building, which cost 60,000 francs, had a 4.8 meter wide carriageway and 0.9 meter wide sidewalks on both sides. Twenty years later, due to rot, wooden beams had to be replaced by iron girders. In 1922, cracked piles and damage to the superstructure required major repairs again, followed by the next major renovation in 1955 for 368,000 francs. Among other things, the roadway was widened with glued wooden planks and piles and pillars were repaired. Serious damage as a result of growing motor vehicle traffic finally led to the construction of a temporary bridge in 1971 and the demolition of the old bridge for a new construction in 1971/72. The structure was 6.5 meters wide and 115 meters long. There were six wooden pile bays with a maximum distance of 15 meters and at both ends of the bridge there were stone arch bridges with an opening as an abutment.
Bridge 1974
Today's road bridge was built between 1972 and 1974. The structure crosses two lanes and walkways on both sides. The roadway has a gradient of 6 percent towards the middle of the bridge, where there is a minimum clearance height of 3.6 meters for shipping. The construction costs amounted to around 3.7 million francs.
The structure from 1974 is a 111 meter long prestressed concrete bridge , which has three openings with the continuous beam with variable height as a structural system in the longitudinal direction. In the transverse direction, the 11-meter-wide superstructure consists of a two-cell hollow box with sidewalk consoles on both sides. The two river piers are designed as narrow wall panels and, like the abutments, are based on piles.
literature
- Hans Rudolf Stierli, Erwin Stucki, Paul Wüst: Before the construction of the N4: the Rhine crossings between Stein am Rhein and Eglisau. In: Rhine bridge N4. Edited by the National Road Office of the Canton of Schaffhausen, Meier Verlag Schaffhausen 1995, ISBN 3-85801-112-6
Web links
- Inventory of historical traffic routes in Switzerland, SH 3.1.1, as of January 2001 / St (PDF; 860 kB)
- Pictures of the old Rhine bridge
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The next bridge upstream: Schänzlebrücke |
Bridges over the Rhine |
The next bridge downstream: Rhine bridge Hemishofen |