Bovine trichophytia
The Rindertrichophytie (syn. Kälberflechte , ringworm , Borkenflechte , ringworm , Ringflechte , Brillenflechte ) is in domestic cattle , rare in other ruminants occurring Dermatophytosis , mainly by verrucosum Trichophyton caused. The disease can be transmitted to humans, i.e. a zoonosis . The mouth region is particularly often affected in calves ("Teigmaul", "Maulgrind").
Occurrence and economic importance
In Germany around 40% of the herds are infected with Trichophyton verrucosum , clinical diseases occur in 5 to 60% of the animals within a herd. Losses from leather damage alone are estimated at 7.5 million euros per year in Germany; further economic damage is caused by reduced body weight gains, trade restrictions and treatment costs as well as illnesses of the staff.
Almost all stocks in southern Europe are infested.
The transmission occurs through direct or indirect (wooden parts, brushes) contact with infected animals, which can also be asymptomatic carriers. Contributing factors are malnutrition, vitamin A deficiency, poor hygiene and minor injuries.
Clinical picture
The fungi penetrate deeply into the hair follicles and cause inflammation . The mostly round foci can wet and even bleed in the early stages. Bacterial secondary infections usually occur . In the further course, affected areas of the skin show barky scaly crusts and hair loss.
Differential diagnosis are parakeratosis , ectoparasite infestation ( mange , lice ), dermatophilosis and allergic eczema delineate. The diagnosis can only be confirmed by a skin scrap with microscopic evidence or a fungal culture.
Combat
The disease heals spontaneously after one to three months. The immunity is unstable, so it does not guarantee protection against new infections. In addition, the animals can become carriers without symptoms and thus represent a source of infection for other animals.
Affected areas can be treated with an antifungal drug such as enilconazole . Systemically acting antimycotics would be better suited for treatment, but are not approved for food-producing animals. Zinc feed can be used as a support .
Several vaccines are approved against bovine trichophytia. In Norway, the cattle population was rehabilitated by means of vaccinations, but this requires consistent vaccinations of the entire population over several years.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d H.H. Zehle et al .: To combat trichophytia ( Memento from January 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ R. Papini et al .: High infection rate of Trichophyton verrucosum in calves from Central Italy. In: Zoonoses and Public Health . 56 (2009), pp. 59-64. PMID 18705659
- ↑ R. Gudding and A. Lund: Immunoprophylaxis of bovine dermatophytosis. In: Can Vet J. 36 (1995), pp. 302-306. PMID 7773918 , PMC 1686876 (free full text).