Pneumatic post in Munich
The pneumatic tube network in Munich was opened for general operation on July 1st (according to other sources: August 1st) 1922 after delays caused by the First World War . Letters up to a maximum weight of 100 g and a maximum size of 20 × 14 cm were permitted in Munich. The letters had to be rollable to a diameter of 4 cm.
However, individual pneumatic tube lines existed much earlier. A system had already gone into operation on April 1, 1877 , connecting the telegraph central station in the telegraph building on Bahnhofsplatz , the stock exchange and the main post office in Maximilianstrasse . Until the end of the First World War, the pneumatic tube network covered approximately 34 km.
As in most other cities with pneumatic tube connections, the Munich pneumatic tube network was initially created to cope with the swelling flood of telegrams that could no longer all be forwarded via inner-city telegraph lines. The earliest processing notes for telegrams in Munich , which indicate a pneumatic tube transport, can be found since around 1875 in the form of numerator stamps, which were cut off from the address side of the telegrams. Such numerator stamps were used by the Munich pneumatic post until it was closed in the 1960s. A pneumatic postal stationery card with the value stamp 55 Rpf Hindenburg medallion is shown, which was used in 1940 as a pneumatic postal service registered express delivery postcard.
Inflation period
Since August 1, 1927, a surcharge of 10 pfennigs and an express delivery fee, stated as a total fee, had to be levied for pneumatic mail deliveries in addition to the standard postage. Since August 22, 1933, normal letters could be transported by pneumatic tube in Berlin or Munich for a surcharge of 10 pfennigs in order to be connected to a railway post. On July 15, 1938, pneumatic tube deliveries were included in the postal regulations. The reason for this was the "Ordinance to amend and supplement the postal regulations of February 27, 1934". At the same time, the pneumatic post order of May 30, 1923 was repealed. Paragraph V deals with the fee: “V. For pneumatic post deliveries, a pneumatic post surcharge is levied in addition to the other fees. If the consignment is to be delivered to the recipient by express couriers, the express delivery fee (§ 24) must also be paid. "
post war period
The official gazettes report on the resumption in Munich on April 1, 1953 and the, initially tentative, admission on May 19, 1953 in Berlin. The pneumatic tube surcharge was given as 15 pfennigs. According to an ordinance of June 22, 1954, mass printed matter was no longer allowed to be transported by pneumatic tube. In the postal regulations of March 1, 1963, the type of mail item "Pneumatic Post" was no longer included.
Identification of pneumatic tube deliveries
Colours
The characteristic color of pneumatic tube deliveries in Berlin and Munich is the color pink. The postcards and envelopes that the Deutsche Reichspost had been issuing since 1876 for delivery by pneumatic tube were in this color. It was only in the 1920s that this color pattern was deviated from and the lettering of the shipments was left with the words pneumatic post card , pneumatic post letter or pneumatic post .
Colored markings
Since the pneumatic post operation began, the shipments have mostly been identified by handwritten numbers and abbreviations, which indicated the post offices where the shipments were to be sent and, if applicable, the routes. These were initially in the color blue, then later in the color red. The express postal service in Berlin used the color green for handwritten identification of the items.
Sticky notes for Berlin, Munich and Vienna
On April 9, 1936, a special sticker made of transparent glassine paper with the inscription Pneumatic Post / and Eilbote and another made of the same material with the inscription Pneumatic Post was issued to identify the shipments. At the same time there was a return to the issue of pneumatic postcards in the color salmon to pink with red stamps.
The German pneumatic tube stickers in the drawing from 1936 were also used in the pneumatic tube sector in Vienna after 1945 because they still had sufficient numbers of corresponding identification labels after the war. It is not known whether these stickers were also in stock in post offices outside of Berlin, Munich and Vienna. Since 1940, for reasons of communication strategy during the war, the presumption was launched that the Schwabacher script used here (previously always regarded as "the German script" with considerable ideological value) was made in the 18th century by a script cutter of Jewish origin (hence "Judenschwabacher "Or" Schwabacher Judenschrift ") was invented. (In fact, the Schwabacher came from the 15th century.) For this reason, Hitler banned the use of this font, especially on documents of a state character, in the so-called "Schrifterlaß" on January 3, 1941. The reason: In the occupied territories, people could not read the orders placed and printed in Schwabacher. Since Hitler had polemicized against Fraktur / Schwabacher early on in party congress speeches and always preferred the Antiqua because of its better legibility and therefore propagandistic effectiveness, new stickers were now printed in an antiqua font despite the precarious war situation, but these were hardly used. In March 1945, the large post offices in Berlin had corresponding sticky notes in Schwabach script.
Post-U-Bahn Munich
The pneumatic tube has no direct relationship with the Munich Post-U-Bahn, which was used to transport rail mail between 1910 and 1988 from Munich Central Station to the rail post office in Hopfenstrasse. All stations of the underground were also connected to the pneumatic tube.
See also
- Pneumatic tube
- Pneumatic tube networks in Germany
- Pneumatic post in Vienna
- Pneumatic tube networks in France
literature
- Heinhold: "One year pneumatic post check service in Munich" ; 1954, no. 7, p. 117: Ill.
- Hans Schwaighofer: "Seventy-five Years of the Munich City Tube Post" ; Ed .: Archive for Post and Telecommunications, Frankfurt am Main, 1954; H. 4, p. 177: Ill.
- Erwin Maderholz: "From the history of the Munich pneumatic tube" ;
- Ed .: German Society for Postal and Telecommunication History e. V., Frankfurt am Main, 1996; Süd, pp. 18–26: Ill.
- Ed .: Wasserburg, 1996; H. 1, p. 18: Ill.
Individual evidence
- ↑ ( page no longer available , search in web archives: writings )
