Roproniidae

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Roproniidae
Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera)
Subordination : Waist Wasps (Apocrita)
Proctotrupomorpha
Superfamily : Wasps (Proctotrupoidea)
Family : Roproniidae
Scientific name
Roproniidae
Bradley , 1905

The Roproniidae are a small family of hymenoptera with distribution in East Asia and North America.

features

They are small, predominantly black or brownish colored wasps, some with white markings, with a body length between 5 and 10 millimeters. The head has thread-like antennae with 14 limbs in both sexes. The wing veins resemble those of the Heloridae and Vanhorniidae , it differs from the Heloridae mainly in the medial cell, which is much larger, is connected to the radial artery by a transverse artery and is not triangular but hexagonal in shape. The middle section is heavily sclerotized with a clear surface sculpture. The free abdomen (metasoma or gaster) begins with a long stalk member ( petiolus ), the rest of the abdomen is highly arched when viewed from the side, but flattened at the side, so narrow when viewed from above. When viewed from the side, the tergites are noticeably larger than the sternites, but both are clearly visible. The first tergite is the largest. In the female, the ovipositor is hidden in the abdomen and not freely visible.

Way of life

Almost nothing is known about the biology of the Roproniidae. A species of the genus Ropronia was once bred from a plant wasp cocoon, so the species in the family may live on it as parasitoids .

distribution

Roproniidae have been found in East Asia (China, Taiwan, Korea) and North America (three species of the genus Ropronia ).

Taxonomy, phylogeny, systematics

The family comprises 20 species in three living (recent) genera:

The Roproniidae are considered to be an ancient, basal family within the Proctotrupoidea or Zehrwasp-like. This position has been confirmed in all recent studies, although it has been questioned in the meantime. Possibly they are the most basic family, with everyone else as a sister group. A sister group relationship with the Peradeniidae or the Pelecinidae would also be possible .

Fossils

The oldest finds of Roproniidae come from the Jurassic and are around 165 million years old. They were found as compression fossils in limestone in Daohugou , Inner Mongolia, China. The species with numerous plesiomorphic characters are placed in their own subfamily Beipiaosiricinae, to which some authors also grant family status.

swell

  • Lubomir Masner: Superfamily Proctotrupoidea. In: Henry Goulet & John T. Huber (editors): Hymenoptera of the world, an identification key to families. Agriculture Canada. Research Branch. IV Series: Publication. 1993. ISBN 0-660-14933-8 .
  • Henry Townes (1948): The Serphoid Hymenoptera of the family Roproniidae. Proceedings of The United States National Museum Washington 98: 85-89. digitized online

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ KS Lin (1987): On the genus Ropronia Provancher, 1886 (Hymenoptera, Roproniidae) of Taiwan and Fukien, China. Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Special Publication 22: 41-50.
  2. ↑ Alexandre P. Aguiar et al. (2013): Order Hymenoptera. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Editor): Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013). Zootaxa, 3703, 1-82.
  3. ↑ He Junhua, Chen Xuexin (1991): Xiphyropronia gen. Nov., A new genus of the Roproniidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea) from China. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69 (6): 1717-1719, doi : 10.1139 / z91-239
  4. ↑ Yang Chikun (1997): The descriptions of Hsiufuropronia chaoi, gen. And sp. nov. (Hymenoptera ： Roproniidae). Wuyi Science Journal 13: 101-105.
  5. ↑ John Heraty, Fredrik Ronquist, James M. Carpenter, David Hawks, Susanne Schulmeister, Ashley P. Dowling, Debra Murray, James Munro, Ward C. Wheeler, Nathan Schiff, Michael Sharkey (2011): Evolution of the hymenopteran megaradiation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 60: 73-88. doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2011.04.003
  6. ↑ Ansel Payne, Phillip M. Barden, Ward C. Wheeler, James M. Carpenter (2013): Direct Optimization, Sensitivity Analysis, and the Evolution of the Hymenopteran Superfamilies. American Museum Novitates Number 3789: 1-20. doi : 10.1206 / 3789.1
  7. ↑ Seraina Klopfstein, Lars Vilhelmsen, John M. Heraty, Michael Sharkey, Fredrik Ronquist (2013): The Hymenopteran Tree of Life: Evidence from Protein-Coding Genes and Objectively Aligned Ribosomal Data. PLoS ONE 8 (8): e69344. doi : 10.1371 / journal.pone.0069344
  8. ↑ Alexandr P. Rasnitsyn (2010): Molecular Phylogenetics, Morphological Cladistics, and Fossil Record. Entomological Review Vol. 90, No. 3: 263-298.
  9. ↑ Alexandr P. Rasnitsyn & Haichun Zhang (2004): Composition and age of the Daohuguo hymenopteran (Hymenoptera = Vespida) assemblage from Inner Mongolia, China. Palaeontology 47: 1-11.
  10. ↑ cf. Palaeobiology Database