Black-green blubber
| Black-green blubber | ||||||||||||
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| Russula atroglauca | ||||||||||||
| Einhell. |
The black-and-green blubber ( Russula atroglauca ) is a fungus from the Russulaceae family . It is a rare blubber whose hat is blackish to dark blue-green in color. It is closely related to the Tauben-Täubling and occurs in wetlands mostly under birch trees.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat 3.5–7 cm wide, initially spherical, then flatly arched and later more or less depressed. The edge is smooth or very short grooved and almost furrowed with age. The hat is usually dark blue-green, gray or almost blackish in color and never fades more strongly. The skin of the hat is dull and almost velvety when it is dry, towards the edge it can crack open a bit or become slightly sticky or flaky. However, it has never cracked open as is typical of the duck-deafness hat skin . The hat skin can easily be peeled off halfway, and it is often a little sticky in the middle. In terms of appearance, the Täubling is reminiscent of the blue-green frost Täubling .
The whitish to creamy-white lamellae are up to 6 mm high and are quite dense. They are a little bulbous and sometimes run down a stick. The spore powder is pale or moderately cream in color. ( IIc after Romagnesi )
The white and only slightly yellowing stem is 3–6.5 cm long and 0.8–1.5 cm thick. It is cylindrical to slightly club-shaped and often narrowed or briefly thickened towards the base. It often becomes rust-stained at the base.
The meat tastes mild and maybe a little nutty and is almost odorless. If it is cut, the color remains as good as unchanged. It does not react with iron sulfate or turns only slightly light pink in color and gray-green with guaiac . Phenol discolors the flesh purple-brown, as is usual for the vast majority of deaflings.
Microscopic features
The spores are 6.5–8.5 (–9) µm long and 5-7 µm wide. The spur ornament is similar to that of the Tauben-Täubling. The warts are thorny, up to 1 µm high and are partly single, partly they are fused together in burrs and are sometimes connected in a network. The hillock is very small. The basidia 30–40 µm long and 8–10 µm wide. The Zystiden are 55-105 microns long and 6-13 microns wide. They are usually spindle-shaped and often have a small tip ( appendiculated ) at the top .
The cap skin hyphae are wide or very wide, cylindrical, blunt or narrowed towards the top and divided into shorter sections. The hat skin is reminiscent of that of the duck-deafling. It contains many variably shaped Pileocystiden , which can be stained blackish with sulfo-piperonal. These are 22–50 µm long and 6–10 µm wide and contain plenty of granular pigment.
Species delimitation
Like all species from the Griseinae subsection , the deafblings are often difficult to identify. Both the blue-green frost pigeon and the pigeon pigeon look very similar. It can also be confused with the grass-green birch blubber , which also occurs under birch trees. But it is usually lighter and more olive green in color. Another similar mushroom is the duck deafbling . His hat skin is clearly cracked at the edge and the middle of the hat is pale cream-ocher.
ecology
As a mycorrhizal fungus , the black-and-green Täubling enters into a symbiotic partnership with birch trees in particular. But spruce and quivering aspen are also possible hosts. The Täubling can sometimes be found in damp birch bog forests or alder quarries. The Täubling prefers sandy soils and silica sand. The fruiting bodies appear between July and September.
distribution
The Täubling is a purely European species that has so far been found in Switzerland, Estonia, Norway, Finland, Sweden and Germany. To the north it occurs in Sweden in Norrbotten beyond the 66th parallel and in Norway in Finnmark almost reaches the 71st parallel.
The Täubling is very rare in Germany and was found in the Rhön. On the Red List for Germany, it is listed in the risk category RL2. The Täubling was found in the foothills of the Alps, in Upper Swabia and the Rhön. The Täubling is also rare in Switzerland; it has not yet been detected in Austria and Liechtenstein.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The black and green Täubling is placed by M. Bon in the Griseinae subsection , a subsection of the Heterophyllea section . The subsection contains medium to large species with gray, green, purple or olive colored hats. The mildly tasting mushrooms have slightly sharp lamellae, their spore powder is cream-colored to ocher.
meaning
The black and green blubber is edible, but because of its rarity it does not play a role as an edible mushroom.
swell
- Russula atroglauca Einhell. In: Mycobank (Fungal Nomenclature and Species Databank) . International Mycological Association, accessed February 6, 2014 .
- Alfred Einhellinger: The genus Russula in Bavaria . In: Bibliotheca Mycologica . 3. Edition. tape 112 . Berlin / Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 978-3-443-59013-0 , pp. 29 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Russula atroglauca. In: Index Fungorum / indexfungorum.org. Retrieved August 17, 2011 .
- ↑ a b A. Einhellinger: Russula atroglauca (Latin original diagnosis). In: mycobank.org The Fungal website. Retrieved June 16, 2011 .
- ↑ Russula atroglauca. (PDF (1.4 MB)) Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). In: The Russulales website w3.uwyo.edu. P. 49 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved June 16, 2011 (English, translation by M. Bon's Russula key).
- ↑ Russula atroglauca. (DOC) Russulas. Micologia.biz Web de micología Europea, p. XX , accessed June 16, 2011 (Spanish).
- ↑ a b c Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 136.
- ↑ a b A. Bresinsky et al .: Russula atroglauca. In: PILZOEK database on the Internet. 2. Update. 2007, accessed June 16, 2011 .
- ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula atroglauca. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved February 6, 2016 .
- ↑ Karel Tejkal: www.myko.cz/myko-atlas -Russula atroglauca. In: www.myko.cz. Retrieved February 6, 2016 (cz).
- ↑ a b Russula atroglauca. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved August 16, 2011 .
- ↑ Grid map of Russula atroglauca. In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Retrieved February 6, 2016 .
- ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula atroglauca. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved September 4, 2012 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved September 4, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula atroglauca. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
- ↑ A. Einhellinger: The Murnauer Moor and its mushrooms . In: Hoppea . tape 41 , 1983, pp. 347-398 .
Web links
- Photo of Russula atroglauca. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Retrieved June 15, 2011 .
