Deaf relatives

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Deaf relatives
Gold deaf (Russula aurea)

Gold deaf ( Russula aurea )

Systematics
Department : Stand mushrooms (Basidiomycota)
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives
Scientific name
Russulaceae
Lotsy

The deaf relatives (Russulaceae), sometimes also called " brittle leaves " in older literature , are a family of large mushrooms from the order of the deaf-like (Russulales).

features

Arcangeliella crassa
Salmon irritant
Lactarius salmonicolor
Macowanites luteolus

The pigeon relatives include both species with fruit bodies divided into a hat and stem , whose substructure for the fruit layer ( hymenophore ) consists of lamellae , as well as species with bulbous, underground fruit bodies and an inner fruit layer ( hymenium ). The color of the spore powder ranges from white to cream to yellowish or ocher. Striking features in addition to the often luminous, on water-soluble Russupteridinen based inks the typical fracture behavior of the meat ( Trama ) from the representatives of the genus Milchlinge and russulas : It breaks cheesy without aufzufasern. This is due to the structure of the meat, which contains not only normal fungal threads ( hyphae ) but also nests of spherical cells ( spherocysts ). Milklings also contain laticifers , which leak milk juice when injured. The fungal threads of the deaf-like do not have buckles on the transverse walls ( septa ). The spores are bilaterally symmetrical, elliptical to almost spherical in shape and show a smooth spot above the hilar appendix on the surface otherwise ornamented with warts, spines, ridges or ribs . The ornament can be colored with iodine solution .

ecology

The deaf relatives are mycorrhizal fungi , which are usually associated with trees or shrubs, less often with herbaceous plants.

Systematics

In Europe, the Russulaceae family consists almost exclusively of the deaf lions ( Russula ) and the milk lice ( Lactarius and Lactifluus ). Molecular genetic investigations could help to clarify the relationships within the family, although the questioning system is still not fully known.

The following genera are monophyletic groups within the family:

  • Milchlinge 1 ( Lactarius Persoon 1797)
  • Milchlinge 2 ( Lactifluus (Pers.) Roussel 1806)
  • Multifurca Buyck & V. Hofstetter 2008
  • Russulas ( Russula Persoon 1796)
  • Flake sponges ( Boidinia Stalpers & Hjortstam 1982)

The following genera of species with closed (angiocarpic) fruiting bodies, on the other hand, are form groups that actually belong to Russula or Lactarius :

swell

literature

  • Marcel Bon: Parey's book of mushrooms . 1st edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 978-3-440-09970-4 (Original title: The mushrooms and toadstools of Britain and Northwestern Europe . Translated by Till R. Lohmeyer, 362 pages; over 1500 mushrooms in Europe).
  • Heinrich Dörfelt, Gottfried Jetschke (Ed.): Dictionary of mycology. 2nd Edition. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Heidelberg / Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-8274-0920-9 .
  • Hans Otto Schwantes: Biology of the mushrooms . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 978-3-8252-1871-3 (478 pages).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Johannes Paulus Lotsy: Russulaceae . In: Lectures on botanical tribal history. Held at the Reich University of Leiden . First volume: Algae and Mushrooms, 1907, p. 708–710 ( available online via the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL) - a textbook on plant systematics).
  2. ↑ a b c Bart Buyck, Valérie Hofstetter, Ursula Eberhardt, Annemieke Verbeken, Frank Kauff: Walking the thin line between Russula and Lactarius: the dilemma of Russula sect. Ochricompactae . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 28 , no. 2 , 2008, p. 15-40 ( PDF; 597 KB ).

Web links

Commons : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files