Lactifluus
| Lactifluus | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Milk patty ( Lactifluus volemus ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lactifluus | ||||||||||||
| ( Pers. ) Roussel |
Lactifluus is a genus of mushrooms and, next to Lactarius, the second genus of milk lice , which is characterized by the eponymous “milk” of the fruiting bodies. It belongs to the family of the deaf relatives , which are characterized by the brittle flesh of their fruiting bodies and the amyloid ornamentation of their spores.
The genus was separated from Lactarius on the basis of molecular genetic studies and has so far been without its own German trivial name . It contains some well-known types of Milchlings, including edible mushrooms such as the patty .
features
Lactifluus is morphologically very similar to the second genus Lactarius . The fruiting bodies are usually medium-sized and centrally stalked, but especially in the tropics there are also species with small, laterally stalked (pleurotoiden) fruiting bodies. The brittle trama (meat) consists of hyphae , spherocytes and the lactiferous hyphae ( laticifera ). The spore powder is white to cream in color.
Unlike Lactarius , Lactifluus species never have zoned or viscous-sticky fruiting bodies. However, many species have a veil and velvety fruiting bodies; Likewise, all ringed milklings (tropical species) belong to this genus, milklings with closed (angiocarpic) fruiting bodies do not occur in Lactifluus , but exclusively in Lactarius .
ecology
Lactifluus -Milchlinge, as well Lactarius or russulas , obligate symbionts : they form ectomycorrhizas with various species of trees such. B. spruce , beech or oak in Europe or wing fruit plants (Dipterocarpaceae) in the tropics. The formation of ectomycorrhizae has also been demonstrated for species with small fruiting bodies growing on tree trunks (primarily in tropical areas), which were at times considered to be parasites or decomposers . Accordingly, species of the genus Lactifluus can be found in habitats in which their tree partners occur, for example in temperate deciduous and coniferous forests, in tropical rainforests or in bushland.
distribution
The genus Lactifluus is cosmopolitan . However, unlike Lactarius , it has its main distribution center in the paleotropes , especially in tropical Africa. In Europe, u. a. the Brätling , the Long-handled Pepper-Milchling and the Wollige Milchling .
meaning
Some types are good edible mushrooms. The patty is often called one of the best edible mushrooms.
Systematics
The genus Lactifluus was recognized in 2010 after molecular genetic work had clarified the relationships within the deaf relatives ( Russulaceae ): The genus Lactarius in the broad sense was paraphyletic and actually comprised two separate lines. The retention of the name Lactarius for the larger of these two genera was proposed for practical reasons, as it required the renaming of fewer species. Actually, the name Lactifluus would have had nomenclature priority; it was instead proposed for the smaller genus with mainly tropical species.
Lactifluus contains around 150 species, of which, however, only a few have already been formally placed in the genus. The internal systematics of this group is the subject of current research. Classical subdivisions probably do not reflect the natural relationships within the genus.
Some European species
- Green Pepper Milkling ( L. glaucescens )
- Long-handled Pepper Milkling ( L. piperatus )
- Wrinkled-zoned milkling ( L. rugatus )
- Woolly milkling ( L. vellereus )
- Patty ( L. volemus )
literature
- Marcel Bon: Parey's book of mushrooms. Paul Parey Publishing House, Hamburg / Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-490-19818-2 .
- Heinrich Dörfelt , Gottfried Jetschke (Ed.): Dictionary of mycology. 2nd Edition. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Heidelberg / Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-8274-0920-9 .
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Eds.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
- E. Gerhardt: Mushrooms. Verlag BLV, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-8354-0053-3 .
Web links
- Milklings - Lactifluus . Retrieved March 20, 2014 .
- Mycobank: Lactifluus . Retrieved March 20, 2014 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b T.W. Henkel, MC Aime, SL Miller: Systematics of Pleurotoid Russulaceae from Guyana and Japan, with Notes on Their Ectomycorrhizal Status . In: Mycologia . tape 92 , 2000, pp. 1119-1132 , doi : 10.2307 / 3761479 .
- ↑ a b B. Buyck, V. Hofstetter, U. Eberhardt, A. Verbeken, F. Kauff: Walking the thin line between Russula and Lactarius: the dilemma of Russula sect. Ochricompactae . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 28 , 2008, p. 15-40 .
- ↑ A. Verbeken, D. Stubbe, K. van de Putte, U. Eberhardt, J. Nuytinck: Tales of the unexpected: angiocarpous representatives of the Russulaceae in tropical South East Asia . In: Persoonia . tape 32 , 2014, p. 13-24 , doi : 10.3767 / 003158514X679119 .
- ↑ a b c Contrasting evolutionary patterns in two sister genera of macrofungi: Lactarius and Lactifluus . In: ugent.be . Archived from the original on March 17, 2014. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 20, 2014.
- ↑ a b B. Buyck, V. Hofstetter, A. Verbeken, R. Walleyn: Proposal to conserve Lactarius nom. cons. (Basidiomycota) with conserved type . In: Taxon . tape 118 , 2010, p. 447-453 .
- ^ A. Verbeken, J. Nuytinck, B .: New combinations in Lactifluus . 1. L. subgenera Edules , Lactariopsis , and Russulopsis . In: Mycotaxon . tape 118 , 2012, p. 447-453 , doi : 10.5248 / 118.447 .
- ↑ D. Stubbe, X.-H. Wang, A. Verbeken: New combinations in Lactifluus . 2. L. subg. Gerardii . In: Mycotaxon . tape 119 , 2012, p. 483-485 , doi : 10.5248 / 119.483 .
- ^ A. Verbeken, K. van de Putte, E. de Crop: New combinations in Lactifluus . 3. L. subgenera Lactifluus and Piperati . In: Mycotaxon . tape 120 , 2012, p. 443-450 .
