Sacks

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Drowning in a barrel or sack, 1560

The sacks ( latin : poena cullei ), also Säckung , was in the Roman Empire as the type of execution used. The convict was put in a sack with a snake and a scorpion and thrown into the water so that he drowned. In addition to the aforementioned animals, monkeys, roosters, cats and dogs are also mentioned as possible sack contents. According to Roman law, sacking was regularly used for killing relatives (Latin: parricidium ), regardless of the social rank of the convicted person. The origin of the punishment goes back to traditions that can neither be dated nor interpreted in terms of content. Presumably, the ancient authors were no longer aware of the exact function of the elements of punishment, such as the sewn-in animals. Emperor Claudius is said to have taken particular pleasure in this form of punishment, which is why he had it carried out more often than in all previous centuries and even more frequently than the widespread crucifixion . Even late antiquity right Collections mention the Säckung as a regular form of punishment. Emperor Constantine had a corresponding law renewed.

Also from the Middle Ages , the sacks as a form of is the death penalty announced it turned a subspecies of be drowned . In Dante's Inferno are Guido del Cassero and Angiolello as Carignano mentioned, of Malatestino Malatesta, son of Malatesta da Verucchio and Ruler of Rimini , killed in this way.
This form of execution was used in Germany until the early modern period.

literature

  • Karl Binding : Outline of German criminal law. General part . 8th, with the 7th identical edition, Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig 1913 (reprint: Scientia Verlag, Aalen 1975, ISBN 3-511-09010-5 ).
  • Christina Bukowska: "The punishment of sacking - truth and legend", in: Research on legal archeology and legal folklore 2 (1979), pp. 145–162.
  • Eva Cantarella : I supplizi capitali in Grecia ea Roma . Rizzoli, Milan 1991, ISBN 88-17-33173-2 ( Collana storica Rizzoli ), pp. 264-305.
  • Henning Dohrmann: Recognition and fight against human sacrifice in Roman criminal law of the imperial era . Lang, Frankfurt am Main et al. 1995, ISBN 3-631-49375-4 ( Europäische Hochschulschriften 2), (Simultaneously: Freiburg (Breisgau), Univ., Diss., 1994), pp. 55-69.
  • Ernst Ziegler: About sacking in the imperial city and republic of St. Gallen , in: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings , Issue 131 2013, ISBN 978-3-7995-1719-5 , pp. 135–153.
  • Johanna H. Wyer: Execution, pyre and death penalty: to die in the Middle Ages in the name of justice? eBook, 2013, ISBN 978-3-8476-2970-2 .
  • Matthias Blazek: About the punitive form of bagging. GRIN Verlag, Norderstedt 2019, ISBN 978-3-668-95496-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hans von Hentig , Die Strafe I: early forms and cultural-historical connections, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg 1954, p. 305, reprint (2013): ISBN 3-642-92621-5 .
  2. ^ Karl Binding , Outline of German Criminal Law, General Part , p. 22.
  3. ^ Suetonius , Claudius 34.1 ; Seneca, On Mildness 1,23,1. Recently Dirk Rohmann : “What kind of punishment is that?” - Comments on the supplicium “according to the type of ancestors” . In: Historia 55 (2006), pp. 144-146.
  4. ↑ Digestae 48,9,9 pr.
  5. ↑ Codex Theodosianus 9.15.1.
  6. ↑ Inferno XXVIII, 76-83.
  7. ^ Knebel, K .: History of the city of Dippoldiswalde up to 1918, p. 356