Hans von Hentig

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Hans Hentig , from 1901 by Hentig (born June 9, 1887 in Berlin , † July 6, 1974 in Bad Tölz ) was a German criminologist .

He is considered one of the fathers of criminal psychology and victimology . Von Hentig is also the author of a number of basic monographs .

Life

Hans von Hentig was born as the second son of the Protestant lawyer Otto Hentig (1852–1934). His older brother was the later diplomat Werner Otto von Hentig . Otto von Hentig was one of the leading lawyers in Berlin. His clients included the Chancellor Otto von Bismarck , Field Marshal von Moltke , the industrialists Werner von Siemens , the Mannesmann brothers and Thomas A. Edison. Otto Hentig was raised to hereditary nobility in 1901 when he held the position of State Minister in the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 1900 to 1905 .

Hans von Hentig passed his Abitur in 1906 at the Joachimsthaler Gymnasium in Berlin. He received his basic military training as a king hunter on horseback in Poznan in 1906 and 1907.

From 1908 he studied law in Paris (with Émile Garçon), Berlin (with Franz von Liszt ) and Munich (with Karl von Amira and Karl von Birkmeyer ). In 1912, despite failing the first state examination twice by Birkmeyer, Hentig received his doctorate with a thesis on copyright law; he had to break off his second degree in medicine, which he started in the same year, because of his draft at the beginning of the First World War in 1914.

Hans von Hentig served with his regiment on the Western Front, in the Balkans and in Palestine. He wrote his experiences from the First World War in the autobiography Mein Krieg , which appeared in 1919. Although he was initially politically right, it was not until the chaos after the German defeat and the Treaty of Versailles , which he perceived as a shame, that made him a political activist.

After the First World War

As one of the leading representatives of national Bolshevism , Hans von Hentig was now involved in the Munich Soviet Republic . He also worked as a private scholar and political publicist, authored numerous works, including Das Deutsche Manifest (1921). In the autumn of 1923, Hans von Hentig took part in the KPD's overturning plans in Germany. Von Hentig was a member of a Central Revolutionary Committee formed in Berlin and in this function held the post of Chief Military Officer Middle and was thus the commander of the troops to be formed in Thuringia and Saxony. This uprising was called off, however, only the Hamburg KPD, which had not received this news, dared the uprising . It failed completely. A period of persecution began for those involved in the uprising.

To avoid high treason proceedings, Hans von Hentig fled to the Soviet Union in February 1925 . The proceedings against him on his return for treason, which began before the State Court for the Protection of the Republic and later continued before the Reich Court , ended in July 1926 with the termination of the proceedings due to a general amnesty.

From 1927 to 1933 von Hentig worked for the monthly magazine for criminal psychology and criminal law reform (MKS) launched by Gustav Aschaffenburg . In addition, together with Wolfgang Mittermaier, he developed the so-called clinical method of legal training : students are trained in the prisons to deal directly with the life of the prisoners and the person. After his habilitation in Gießen (1929), he was appointed to a professorship in 1930, and in 1931 he was appointed full professor of criminal law, criminal process and criminal science at the University of Kiel . As dean, he headed the faculty in 1932 and 1933. Although before 1932 he accompanied some spectacular readmission processes as an appraiser for the German League for Human Rights , Hentig remained a supporter of a racial - hygienic criminal justice system and in 1933 published the text Eugenik und Kriminalwissenschaft in the series Schriften zur Herblehre und Rassenhygiene. Despite this substantive proximity to the racism of the National Socialists, he rejected their ideas about the reform of criminal law . In the monthly magazine for criminology and criminal law reform he wrote several articles since 1933, in which he warned against extermination criminal law of the National Socialist style. He particularly criticized his colleagues Georg Dahm and Friedrich Schaffstein for their idea of ​​an authoritarian criminal law, which he described as the "criminal counter-reformation". Because of his political past and his opposition to the death penalty , as well as his refusal to take part in a series of lectures on youth law organized by the Hitler Youth , von Hentig was relieved of his professorship there at the instigation of Georg Dahm when the National Socialist forces at Kiel University grew stronger. In the same year he followed the call to Bonn to the chair of criminologist Max Grünhut (expelled because of his Jewish origins) . On September 1, 1935, however, he received notification of his retirement, officially justified by the misconduct of his national Bolshevik past.

Emigration to the USA

In the same year, Hans von Hentig emigrated to the USA. He worked there first as an assistant professor at the Law School of Yale University and from early 1937 as an expert for the attorney general in Washington. In the following years, Hans von Hentig was a professor or employee at various American universities: His positions included the University of Colorado , the University of Oregon , the University of Iowa and the University of Kansas City . In Colorado, he also participated in a large-scale research project on crime development, the Colorado Crime Survey . He could not accept a position at the University of Puerto Rico because of legal residence problems. In 1937 Hentig received the Charles M. and Martha Hitchcock Professorship at the University of Berkeley . In exile, Hentig wrote as a political journalist for the New People's Newspaper, which is close to the SPD, and founded the Council for a Democratic Germany together with the theologian Paul Tillich and other prominent opponents of National Socialism in May 1944 . During his emigration, Hentig was constantly plagued by financial worries and was monitored by the FBI because of his national Bolshevik past . Under these adverse circumstances, he wrote his most important work, The Criminal and His Victim , by 1947 , through which he became a founding father of the doctrine of the crime victim ( victimology ).

After the Second World War

After returning to the Federal Republic of Germany, Hans von Hentig was returned to his chair at the University of Bonn in 1951 . The authorities wished to check von Hentig's compliance with the constitution. He stayed in Bonn until his retirement in 1955. After that, he moved from Hentig to Bad Tölz , where he lived until his death in 1974. There he wrote in 1959, among other things, The Criminality of the Lesbian Woman , which is peppered with disparaging expressions, many of which are new creations. In 1974 it was used by BILD for a defamation campaign against lesbians. “Lesboids” or “homeopaths” (not derived from homeopathy !) Are described as “black sheep in the field of female sexual life” who suffer “from a serious disturbance in the household of nature”, who “psychosexual change” to “gay” Woman ”, favored as“ Hermaphrodite ”. They are described as peculiarities who “shrink from nothing”, instinctuals whose “passion can lead to the most cruel conflicts: to abandoned children and broken marriages, to all kinds of misfortune, killing, suicide, murder”.

Honors

Fonts

  • The criminal protection of literary property. 1912
  • Criminal Law and Selection. An application of the law of causality to the right-breaking person. Springer, Berlin 1914
  • My war. Kuhn, Berlin 1919 (autobiographical account of Hentig's war experiences)
  • Fouche. A contribution to the technology of the political police in post-revolutionary periods. Mohr, Tübingen 1919
  • Essays on the German Revolution. Springer, Berlin 1919
  • About the connection between cosmic, biological and social crises. Mohr, Tübingen 1920
  • National Bolshevism. Munich 1920
  • The degeneration of the revolution. New essays. Koehler, Leipzig 1920
  • The German manifesto. Munich 1921
  • About the Caesarean madness, the diseases of the Emperor Tiberius. JF Bergmann, Munich 1924
  • Robespierre. Studies on the psycho-pathology of the power instinct. Julius Hoffmann, Stuttgart 1924
  • Machiavelli. Studies on the psychology of the coup and the establishment of the state. Carl Winter, Heidelberg 1924
  • with Theodor Viernstein : Investigations into incest. Carl Winter, Heidelberg 1925
  • Bamberg-Berlin. A contribution to the history of Napoleon's strategy of embracing. Carl Winter, Heidelberg 1925
  • Psychological strategy of the Great War. Carl Winter, Heidelberg 1927
  • Right of acceptance. The resumption of criminal proceedings is presented in a dogmatic and comparative manner. Carl Winter, Heidelberg 1930
  • The punishment. Origin, purpose, psychology. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1932
  • Eugenics and Criminal Science. Metzner, Berlin 1933
  • Counter-Reformation under criminal law. In: Monthly for criminal psychology and criminal law reform. 24, 1933, pp. 235f.
  • Storm warning. In: Monthly for criminal psychology and criminal law reform. 24, 1933, pp. 1-5.
  • Introduction to Walter Kopp: Legal sterility. The sterilization laws in the Scandinavian countries and Switzerland and their practical results, with special consideration of the German law of July 14, 1933. Lipsius & Tischer, Kiel / Leipzig 1934
  • Negro crime. A contribution to the question: Breach of law and race. In: Swiss Journal for Criminal Law. 52, 1938, pp. 34-61.
  • The criminality of the colored women. In: University of Colorado studies. Series C, Studies in the Social Sciences. Vol. 1, No. May 3, 1942
  • Crime. Causes and Conditions. McGraw-Hill, New York / London 1947
  • The Criminal and His Victim. Studies in the Sociobiology of Crime. Yale University Press, New Haven 1948 (believed to be the cornerstone of victimology)
  • The peace treaty. Spirit and technique of a lost art. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1952; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 1965
  • On the psychology of individual offenses. Mohr, Tuebingen
    • Volume 1: Theft. Burglary. Robbery. 1954
    • Volume 2: The Murder. 1956
    • Volume 3: The Fraud. 1957
    • Volume 4: The Blackmail. 1959
  • The punishment. Springer, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg
    • Part 1: Early forms and cultural-historical connections. 1954
    • Part 2: The modern manifestations. 1955
  • The desperado. A contribution to the psychology of the regressive person. Springer, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1956 (criminal history of the Wild West)
  • Problems of acquittal in murder. Mohr (Siebeck), Tübingen 1957
  • The origin of the executioner's meal. Mohr (Siebeck), Tübingen 1958; Greno, Nördlingen 1987, ISBN 3-89190-865-2
  • The crime of the lesbian woman. Enke, Stuttgart 1959; 2nd completely revised edition ibid., 1965
  • The gangster. A criminal psychological study. Springer, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1959
  • The homophile man's crime. Enke, Stuttgart 1960; 2nd completely changed edition ibid., 1966
  • The crime. Springer, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg
    • Volume 1: The criminal person in the power play of time and space. 1961
    • Volume 2: The delinquent in the grip of environmental forces. 1962
    • Volume 3: System components in the gears of the offense. 1963
  • Criminal History Studies. Edited by Christian Helfer . Stämpfli, Bern 1962
  • Sociology of the Zoophile Inclination. Enke, Stuttgart 1962
  • Relief witnesses and relief technique. Enke, Stuttgart 1964
  • The unknown offense. Springer, Berlin / Göttingen / Heidelberg 1964
  • The necrotropic man. From belief in the dead to morbid closeness to the dead. Enke, Stuttgart 1964
  • The murder fire and nine other criminal studies. Luchterhand, Neuwied / Berlin 1965
  • The vanquished. On the psychology of the crowd in retreat. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 1966
  • The Ship Murder and nine other criminal studies. Kriminalistik-Verlag, Hamburg 1967
  • The youthful vandalism. Harbingers and variants of violence. Diederichs, Düsseldorf / Cologne 1967
  • About the connection between cosmic, biological and social crises. Klett, Stuttgart 1968
  • The matricide and seven other crime studies. Luchterhand, Neuwied / Berlin 1968
  • Terror. On the psychology of the seizure of power. Robespierre, Saint-Just, Fouché. Propylaeen-Verlag, Berlin 1970; Ullstein, Frankfurt / Berlin / Vienna 1971, ISBN 3-548-02838-1
  • Murder Genetics and Seven Other Criminal Studies. Kriminalistik-Verlag, Hamburg 1971
  • Contributions to crime studies. Hain, Meisenheim 1972

literature

  • Louis Dupeux : National Bolshevism in Germany 1919-1933. CH Beck, Munich 1985, ISBN 3-7632-3128-5 .
  • Richard J. Evans : Hans von Hentig and the politics of German criminology. In: Angelika Ebbinghaus & Karl Heinz Roth (eds.): Grenzgangen. German history of the 20th century in the mirror of journalism, jurisprudence and historical research. Heinrich Senfft on his 70th birthday. To Klampen, Lüneburg 1999, pp. 238-264.
  • Dirck Linck: On the trail of the perpetrator. The criminologist Hans von Hentig. In: Welfengarten. Yearbook of Essayism. Volume 5, 1995, pp. 65-82 ( PDF; 1000 kB )
  • David von Mayenburg: Criminology and criminal law between the German Empire and National Socialism. Hans von Hentig (1887-1974). Nomos, Baden-Baden 2006, ISBN 3-8329-1883-3 .
  • David von Mayenburg: The case of v. Hentig is quite unpleasant. Hans von Hentig and the National Socialist University Policy. In: Mathias Schmoeckel (ed.): The lawyers at the University of Bonn in the “Third Reich”. Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-412-12903-8 , pp. 299-345. (Link to Google Books [1] )
  • Herbert Schäfer (Ed.): Criminological waymarks. Festschrift for Hans von Hentig on the occasion of his 80th birthday on June 9, 1967. Kriminalistik Verlag, Hamburg 1967
  • Hentig, Hans von . In: Hermann Weber , Andreas Herbst : German Communists. Biographical Handbook 1918 to 1945 . 2nd, revised and greatly expanded edition. Karl Dietz, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-320-02130-6 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ cf. David von Mayenburg: The case of v. Hentig is quite unpleasant. Hans von Hentig and the National Socialist University Policy. In: Mathias Schmoeckel (ed.): The lawyers at the University of Bonn in the “Third Reich”. Boehlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2004, p. 306.
  2. ↑ cf. Bernhard H. Bayerlein: German October 1923: A revolution plan and its failure. (A documentation from the holdings of the former party archives of the CPSU Central Committee, the Comintern archives and the archives of the President of the Russian Federation) Aufbau Verlag, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-351-02557-2 , pp. 27f.
  3. ↑ cf. David von Mayenburg: The case of v. Hentig is quite unpleasant. Hans von Hentig and the National Socialist University Policy. In: Mathias Schmoeckel (ed.): The lawyers at the University of Bonn in the “Third Reich”. Boehlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2004, p. 324.
  4. ↑ cf. David von Mayenburg: The case of v. Hentig is quite unpleasant. Hans von Hentig and the National Socialist University Policy. In: Mathias Schmoeckel (ed.): The lawyers at the University of Bonn in the “Third Reich”. Boehlau, Cologne 2004, p. 343
  5. ↑ Pleasure, dear mood . In: Der Spiegel . No. 36 , 1974, p. 61 ( online ).
  6. ↑ Sabine Ayshe Peters: Female homosexuality in public usage in the western zones and the FRG. Thesis for the Magistra Artium at the Philosophical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University in 1997.
personal data
SURNAME Hentig, Hans von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German criminologist
DATE OF BIRTH June 9, 1887
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH July 6, 1974
Place of death Bad Tölz