South-North water transfer project
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The South-North Water Transfer Project ( Chinese 南水北调 , Pinyin Nánshuǐ beidiao or 南水北调工程 Nánshuǐ beidiao Gongcheng; English South-North Water Transfer Project ) is a mid-1990s in China launched project in which water from the Yangtze River in the south about channels a total length of approx. 1200 kilometers in the North Chinese Plain , especially for the supply of Beijing , which uses 3.6 billion cubic meters of water per year. The water is guided over a western, a middle and an eastern route. The eastern and middle routes are already in operation. It is the world's largest water transfer project .
By 2050, an annual amount of 44.8 billion cubic meters of water should be able to be transferred, with 14.8 billion cubic meters on the eastern route, 13 billion cubic meters on the middle and 17 billion cubic meters on the western route.
The project costs are estimated at 500 billion dollars estimated.
Routes
Eastern route
The water of the Yangtze River is fed into the Emperor Canal near Jiangdu via a pumping station . The pumping station was built in the 1980s and has a capacity of 400 m³ / s. The water is then transported to Tianjin in a tunnel under the Huang He .
Construction of the eastern route began in 2002. In 2014 the first water reached Tianjin.
Medium route
The middle route supplies Beijing with water from the Danjiangkou Dam, 1,400 km away . It was completed in 2014 after twelve years of construction. The construction costs amount to 66 billion euros.
Up to 9.5 billion m 3 of water can currently be conveyed via the middle route .
criticism
Opponents of the project criticize that the project leads to a waste of resources and that large amounts of the water would evaporate. Critics fear that the high construction costs will lead to extremely high water prices.
In addition, 330,000 people were resettled for the construction of the so-called South-North Canal.
Web links
- Supraregional water project approved ( Memento from November 6, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- China invests in the expansion of its water infrastructure (PDF file; 80 kB)
- Introduction to China's South to North Water Transfer Project - PDF, English (tudelft.nl, with maps)
- South-North Water Transfer Project - English / Chinese
- South-north water transfer project in China (PDF file; 9.93 MB)
- Tagesschau-Nachrichten (with map) ( Memento from November 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) November 1, 2014
- Project: Beijing water supply
- Nanshui beidiao xixian gongcheng - Chinese (western route)
- Nanshui beidiao zhongxian gongcheng - Chinese (central route)
- Planning phase for water supply from south to north China ( Memento from March 13, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
Movies
- Aerial Photography SKY EYE: China Century Project South-North Water Transfer Project , HD 2,400 km. Video without words, 5.35 minutes. Retrieved March 13, 2019
Footnotes
- ↑ a b Water from southern China arrived in Beijing. china.org.cn, December 30, 2014; accessed December 30, 2014 .
- ↑ Chinese Embassy in Switzerland: Supraregional water project approved ( Memento of November 6, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) June 16, 2004
- ↑ Ruth Fend: On dry land . In: Capital No. 08, 2012, pp. 48–51
- ↑ Petra Kolonko: Questionable fresh water. Project of the century finished. FAZ, December 30, 2014, accessed December 30, 2014 .
- ↑ China relocates 330,000 people ( Memento from October 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) - Tagesschau.de
- ↑ New dam in China - resettlement (Swiss television May 24, 2009)