Saltukids
The Saltukids (also written Saltuqiden , Turkish Saltuklu ) were the rulers of an Anatolian-Turkish Beylik with Erzurum as the capital. The Beylik existed from 1071 to 1202 and belonged to the Beyliks of the first period after the Battle of Manzikert .
history
The namesake was Emir Saltuk, who was a commander of the Great Seljuq Alp Arslan , and immigrated to Anatolia.
The first known Saltukid was Ali, who ruled Erzurum in 1103. His son and successor was Saltuk II, who succeeded him to the throne after 1123. Saltuk II had a daughter or sister who married the Shah-i Arman of Ahlat , Soqman II. The area of the Beyklik meanwhile extended over Bayburt , Kars , Oltu , İspir , Tercan and the area around Trabzon .
The Beylik often advanced against the Georgians in the north , while collaborating with the Shah-i Arman in the south. A son of Nāsir al-Dīn Muhammad wanted to convert to Christianity in order to marry the Georgian Queen Tamar .
Melike Mama Hatun - sister of Nāsir al-Dīn Muhammad - ruled the principality for nine years between 1191 and 1200. She was deposed and replaced by her son Malik Schah bin Muhammad when she wanted to choose a husband from among the noble Mamluks . Mama Hatun built an impressive caravanserai in the city of Tercan, where her mausoleum is also located. Tercan is therefore sometimes also called Mamahatun.
The Saltuk Beys left important works in architecture, especially in Erzurum and Tercan . The Beylik was finally conquered in May 1202 by the Rumeljuk Suleiman II .
Ruler
| Reign | Surname |
|---|---|
| - | Abu 'l-Qāsim Saltuq I. |
| 1102-1124 | Alī bin Saltuq |
| 1124-1132 | Diya 'al-Dīn Abul Muzaffar Ghāzi |
| 1132-1168 | Izz al-Dīn Saltuq II bin Alī |
| 1168-1191 | Nāsir al-Dīn Muhammad bin Saltuq II. |
| 1191-1200 | Māmā Khātūn bint Saltuq II. |
| 1200-1202 | Malik Shah bin Muhammad |
The rulers from Alī carried the title Malik (Arabic for king ).
Other namesake
The name of the ruling dynasty of the Beyliks should not be confused with Sari Saltuk , a Turkish mystic and saint. He later lived and worked in Western Anatolia and the Balkans (especially in Dobruja ). The work of Saltuknâme is dedicated to him.
swell
- Clifford Edmund Bosworth: The New Islamic Dynasties. A Chronological and Genealogical Manual . Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 2004, ISBN 0-7486-2137-7 , Limited preview on Google Books .
- Mustafa Güler, İlknur Aktuğ Kolay: 12. yüzyıl Anadolu Türk Camileri . İTÜ dergisi, online version .
- Oktay Aslanapa: Anadolu'da ilk Türk mimarisi. Başlangıcı ve gelişmesi . AKM Publications, Ankara 1991, ISBN 975-16-0264-5 , book cover .
- Claude Cahen: Pre-Ottoman Turkey. A general survey of the material and spiritual culture and history c. 1071-1330 . Sidgwick & Jackson, London 1968, ISBN 0-283-35254-X .
- Sevim, Ali: Türk Tarihi - Fetih, Selçuklu ve Beylikler Dönemi , Türk Tarih Kurumu 1989; P. 206ff
Web links
- Üç Kümbetler ( Three tombs ) or Emir Saltuk Tomb, Erzurum
- Great Mosque ( Ulu Cami ) of Erzurum
- Mama Hatun caravanserai in Tercan
- Mama Hatun's grave in Tercan
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cahen, pp. 106-107