Sambo (martial arts)
Sambo ( Russian самбо ) is a Russian-Soviet martial art . Sambo has its roots in Japanese judo / jiu-jitsu as well as in the traditional martial and wrestling arts of Europe and the area of the former Soviet Union .
Sambo was developed by the Soviet Army from 1923 to improve their close combat training . The aim of the development was to fuse the most effective techniques of traditional martial arts into a system suitable for military training.
The first pioneers of sambo were Viktor Spiridonow and Vasily Oschtschepkow . Oschtschepkov was executed on Stalin's orders in 1937 after he was accused of being a Japanese spy. He had spent a large part of his life in Japan, where he trained directly with Kanō Jigorō , the founder of judo.
Anatoly Charlampiev , a student of Spiridonov, is officially regarded as the founding father of sambo as a sport. It was thanks to his commitment that sambo was recognized as a competitive sport by the Sports Committee of the USSR in 1938.
The international sambo federation is called Federation International Amateur Sambo (FIAS).
The German Sambo Association e. V. (DSV), the umbrella organization of the German sambo clubs, is an official member of FIAS.
term
The term sambo is derived from the Russian words Sam osashchita b ez o ruschija ( Russian Самозащита без оружия , self-defense without weapons' ).
Types of competition
There are two styles of competition in sambo:
- Sports (borba) sambo is a competition with rules similar to those in judo or Olympic freestyle wrestling. Are allowed litters , fixation of the opponent on the ground and lever arms and legs. In contrast to judo, choke holds are prohibited.
- Combat ( buoy buoy ) sambo is largely similar to modern mixed martial arts competitions. The competitors wear head protection, mouthguard, groin guard, shin guards and light gloves. The rules leave considerably more leeway than those of the sports sambo. In addition to throws, fixations and levers, blows and kicks as well as strangleholdings are allowed.
Victory can be achieved in both categories either by having a point lead after the time has expired or by giving up the opponent prematurely (e.g. due to a lever technique, in Combat Sambo also KO ), a clean throw (similar to the Ippon in Judo) that the thrower does not touch the ground with any part of the body other than the feet and the thrown lies with his back on the ground, or superiority (previously: twelve points difference between the opponents; from 2015: 8 points).
uniform
Sambo fighters usually wear a special jacket ( kurtka ), a belt and shorts of the same color during training and competitions . There are also light wrestling shoes, mostly made of leather. The sambo uniform does not usually give any indication of the status of the wearer. In competitions, all participants must have both a red and a blue combination, as (for better differentiation during the fight) one competitor competes in red and the other in blue.
German Sambo Championships
The first German Sambo Championships were held in 2002 in Itzehoe in southwest Schleswig-Holstein . Since then, they have been held annually in the disciplines of sports sambo and combat sambo.
Web links
- German Sambo Association
- Austrian Sambo Association
- FIAS homepage
- Website of the European Sambo Association
Individual evidence
- ↑ History of Sambo. (No longer available online.) FIAS, archived from the original on July 17, 2014 ; Retrieved June 16, 2014 (Russian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
