Sand mussel

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Sand mussel
Sand mussel (Gari fervensis)

Sand mussel ( Gari fervensis )

Systematics
Superordinate : Imparidentia
Order : Cardiida
Superfamily : Tellinoidea
Family : Sand clams (Psammobiidae)
Genre : Gari
Type : Sand mussel
Scientific name
Gari fervensis
( Gmelin , 1791)

The sand mussel ( Gari fervensis ) is a type of mussel from the family of sand mussels (Psammobiidae). It also occurs in the North Sea.

features

The almost equally-flattened, flattened housing of the sand mussel is elongated-egg-shaped to elongated-elliptical with a length of up to 50 millimeters. The length / width ratio is slightly greater than two to one. The right flap is slightly more arched than the left flap. The casing is unequal, the vertebrae are shifted in front of the center line (in relation to the casing length). The anterior dorsal margin is almost straight and slopes down to the tightly rounded anterior end. The posterior, almost straight dorsal margin is long, longer than the anterior dorsal margin, and slopes gently towards the posterior end, which is truncated obliquely downwards. The case gapes a bit at the rear end. The external, large, dark ligament extends to about a fifth of the length of the posterior dorsal margin. The lock has two cardinal teeth in both flaps. In the right valve, the anterior and posterior cardinal teeth are approximately the same size and split or two-pointed. In the left valve, the anterior cardinal tooth is large and split, while the posterior cardinal tooth is small and slender. There are no lateral teeth. The surface line is deeply indented, the U-shaped bay extends below the eddy. It coincides at the lower edge with the edge of the coat. The cruciform impressions of the sphincter muscles can hardly be seen.

The shell is very thin and fragile. The surface shows very fine concentric pits, the annual increase is clearly marked by deeper pits. In the rear part of the housing, a keel extends from the vertebra to the rear corner on each flap (transition from the rear to the ventral edge). The color of the shell varies from matt white, cream-colored, yellowish and beige with purple lines of different widths, or concentric bands. The light brown, dark brown to greenish periostracum covers the shell surface as a thick layer. However, it is often peeled off and only survived on the edges of the case. The inner edge of the case is smooth. The inside is glossy white with a pink or purple tint. The animals have a large foot and very long siphons.

Geographical distribution, habitat and way of life

The distribution area of ​​the sand mussel extends from Norway and the Barents Sea along the coasts of the Eastern Atlantic to Angola . It is also found in the North Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, the Canary Islands and the Azores .

It lives in sandy-gravelly soils from the deep beach area, below the low water line to about 110 meters water depth. They dig in there with the help of their large and very flexible foot. On the surface of the sediment, they can jump up a few centimeters with the help of their feet, and also cover a distance of a few centimeters.

Taxonomy

The species was first described by Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1791 as Tellina fervensis . It is the type species of the genus Psammobia Lamarck, 1818, which is now regarded as a synonym (or subgenus) by Gari Schumacher, 1817.

supporting documents

literature

  • S. Peter Dance, Rudo von Cosel (arrangement of the German edition): The great book of sea shells. 304 p., Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 1977 ISBN 3-8001-7000-0 (p. 261)
  • Fritz Gosselck, Alexander Darr, Jürgen HJ Jungbluth, Michael Zettler: common names for mollusks of the sea and brackish water in Germany. Mollusca, 27 (1): 3-32, 2009 PDF
  • Fritz Nordsieck : The European sea shells (Bivalvia). From the Arctic Ocean to Cape Verde, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. 256 pages, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1969
  • Guido Poppe. Yoshihiro Goto: European Seashells Volume 2 (Scaphopoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda) . 221 pp., Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden 1993 (2000 unc. Reprint), ISBN 3-925919-10-4 (p. 114)
  • Rainer Willmann: Mussels of the North and Baltic Seas. 310 p., Neumann-Neudamm, Melsungen 1989 ISBN 3-7888-0555-2 (p. 160)
  • Paul Chambers (with figures from George Sowerby): British Seashells: A Guide for Collectors and Beachcombers. 233 pp., Remember When, Barnsley Yorkshire, 2009 ISBN 978-1-84468-051-1 Preview on Google Books (p. 172)

On-line

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Yu. V. Deart, AA Frolov, IE Manushin: Bivalves Abra prismatica (Montagu, 1808) and Gari fervensis (Gmelin, 1791) - Species New to the Fauna of the Russian Sector of the Barents Sea. Russian Journal of Biological Invasions, 4 (3): 139–148, 2013 PDF (ResearchGate)
  2. ^ AD Ansell: Leaping movements in two species of Asaphidae (Bivalvia). Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 37: 395-398, London 1967.
  3. ^ Johann Friedrich Gmelin: Caroli a Linné, systema naturae. Tom. I. Pars VI. Pp. 3021–3910, Lipsia / Leipzig, Beer, 1791 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 3235)
  4. ^ Markus Huber: Compendium of Bivalves. A full-color guide to 3,300 of the world's marine bivalves. A status on Bivalvia after 250 years of research. 901 p., 1 CD-ROM, Hackenheim, ConchBooks, 2010 (p. 694)
  5. ↑ MolluscaBase: Gari fervensis (Gmelin, 1791)

Web links

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