Sangara

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Sangara (hieroglyphic Luwian: sa 5 -ka + ra / i-sa ) was a king of Karkemiš known from Assyrian and Luwian sources. It is for the years 870 to 848 BC. Occupied. In a Luwi-language stele for the goddess Kubaba he appears as the ancestor of King Kamani .

Sangara must have ascended the throne of Karkemiš not long after King Katuwa . It is only used in texts by the Assyrian kings Assurnasirpal II and Shalmaneser III. mentioned.

At first he paid tribute to King Assurnasirpal II. In 870 the Assyrian king crossed the Euphrates and first turned against Karkemiš. Sangara quickly surrendered to the Assyrian army. The price was high because Karkemiš was one of the most prosperous neo-Hittite states at the time . He paid and delivered 20 talents in silver, 100 talents in bronze, 250 talents in iron, thrones and other pieces of furniture, elephant tusks, a golden chariot, a golden couch and 200 teenage girls, presumably as servants for the Assyrian king and his officers. He also delivered chariots, cavalry and infantry from his city to support the Assyrian army. In exchange for the tribute, Sangara and Karkemiš were spared an Assyrian attack.

In the year 858 BC BC Sangara of Karkemiš joined an Anatolian-Syrian anti-Assyrian alliance against Shalmaneser III. which also included Aḫuni from Bit Adini , Hajjanu from Sam'al and Suppiluliuma from Pattin . They attacked the Assyrian army in the area of ​​Sam'al and were repulsed. The rebellion of Karkemiš as a member of the alliance continued until Shalmaneser III. In 857 a fortified city called Sazabu in the area of ​​Karkemiš was destroyed. Sangara submitted and paid tribute: 2 talents gold, 70 talents silver, 30 talents bronze, 100 talents iron, 20 talents red-violet wool, 500 robes, Sangara's daughter and trousseau, 100 daughters of the nobles of Karkemiš, 500 oxen and 5000 sheep.

853 BC BC Sangara again paid tribute to the Assyrians.

849 BC BC Sangara dared to revolt again, this time allied with Hadram from Bit Agusi. Shalmaneser III invaded Karkemiš and destroyed some cities in Sangara's territory, which he also burned down. Sangara submitted, but not for long. 848 BC He and Hadram rose again. Shalmaneser III responded by capturing and destroying 97 of Sangara's cities. After 848 BC The sources are silent about Sangara's further fate, but it seems likely that he, like his alliance partner Hadram von Bit Agusi, remained on his throne and was from then on a loyal vassal of the Assyrian king.

literature

  • Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford University Press: Oxford, New York 2012. ISBN 978-0-19-921872-1
  • Annick Payne: Iron Age Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions . Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta 2012, ISBN 978-1-58983-269-5

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Nicolò Marchetti, Hasan Peker: The Stele of Kubaba by Kamani and the Kings of Karkemish in the 9th Century BC , Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 2018; 108 (1): 81-99.
  2. ^ Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, p. 302.
  3. ^ A b Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, p. 213.
  4. ^ A b Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, p. 93.
  5. ^ Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, p. 211.
  6. ^ Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, p. 218 ff.
  7. ^ Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, p. 223 f.
  8. ^ Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, pp. 225 f.
  9. ^ Trevor Bryce: The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History . Oxford, New York 2012, p. 234 f.
predecessor Office successor
Katuwa King of Karkemiš
approx. 870–848 BC Chr. 		Isarwilamuwa
personal data
SURNAME Sangara
BRIEF DESCRIPTION King of Karkemiš
DATE OF BIRTH 10th century BC BC or 9th century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH 9th century BC Chr.