Bit Adini

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Bit Adini was an Aramaic principality on the great bend in the river of the upper Euphrates , the capital was Til Barsip ( Masuwari ). It was probably made in the 10th century BC. And had dominion over Aram-Naharaim (northern Syria) in the first half of the 9th century .

Between 877 and 866 BC Bit Adini is made tribute by Aššur-nâṣir-apli II under the then king Aḫuni . In the 8th century, the local rulers managed to take the western parts of the Karkemiš area . So Til-Baschir 857 and Til Barsip 865 were taken.

Bit Adini stood in the way of the Assyrian advance west. Assyria's new capital, Kalhu , was settled by Aššur-nasir-apli II, including deportees from Bit Adini. His son Salmānu-ašarēd III. (reigned 858–824) fought against Bit Adini, Bit Agusi and Karkemiš in his first year of reign, when he drew to the "Sea of ​​Sunrise" (Mediterranean Sea) . In the second year of his reign he besieged Til Barsip, but unsuccessfully. King Aḫuni fled across the Euphrates. In year 3 of his reign, Sulmanu-ašared Til Barsip was able to take, together with the fortresses Pitru and Mutkinu, which the Arameans had appropriated. Finally in year 4 the Assyrian king marched against Aḫuni and took him and his family prisoner. Numerous residents of Bit Adini were deported (22,000 according to the annals), the land was annexed to the province of Harran and Til Barsip himself was renamed Dūr-Šulmanu-ašared.

In the first half of the 8th century BC Chr. Is Shamshi-ilu handed down as governor, the naharaim the western parts of Syria, including Bit Adini managed. The gate lions of the northeast gate of Til-Barsip bear the name of Šamši-ilu, with the titles tûrtan (second after the king) and nagīru rabû (chief herald), administrator of the temples and commander-in-chief of the army. He was also governor of Hatti , Guti and the entire land of Narmar . He also boasts of the submission of Urartu . The king's name does not appear anywhere in the inscription, which is extremely unusual and suggests a period of weakness in the central government.

Shainschi-ilu was in the years 780 under Salmānu-ašarēd IV. , 770 under Aššur-dan III. and 752 under Aššur-nirari V. Eponymbeamter , thus held an outstanding position for at least 29 years.

Bit Adini is possibly identical to the biblical Bet Eden ( byt ʿdn ) ( Amos 1, 5).

Ruler

  • Aḫuni (at the time of Aššur-nasir-apli II. And Šulmanu-ašared III.)

For the previous Neo-Hittite rulers of Mašuwari see Til Barsip .

literature