Saint Olav Church (Novgorod)

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Runic block from Sjusta with the first mention of the Olav Church

The St. Olav Church (Latin ecclesia Sancti Olavi , Russian Церковь святого Олафа ) was a church of Scandinavian merchants in Novgorod from the 11th to 14th centuries. It was dedicated to St. Olav of Norway .

history

In 1027 King Olav II fled Norway to Novgorod to Ingegerd of Sweden and Yaroslav the Wise . In 1030 he returned to Norway and was murdered there. His veneration of saints began soon after his death.

The Gotische Hof , a trading post of Scandinavian merchants, existed in Novgorod . Sometime before about 1090, a wooden church was built there. It is not certain whether it was called Olav Church from the beginning.

It was first mentioned around 1100 on a rune stone in Sjusta in Sweden. It was dedicated to a man who died (?) In her.

Between 1150 and 1175 Archbishop Eysteinn von Trondheim mentioned in the Acta Sancti Olavi regis et martyri a priest Stefan at the St. Olav Church in "Holmegarder". He also told of a miracle by Olav in Novgorod.

In 1230 a contract between German merchants and Novgorod mentioned the "Gothic court with the church and the cemetery of St. Olav" ("curia gotensium cum ecclesia et cimiterium Sancti Olavi").

In the 13th century, the First Novgorod Chronicle mentioned the “Varangian Church in the Merchants' Quarter” and reported on its destruction by fires in 1152, 1187, 1217 and 1311.

No other mentions have come down to us.

In 2007 a piece with the image of Olav the Saint from the 15th century was found during archaeological investigations in the St. Nicholas Cathedral in Novgorod.

There was also an Olav church in Ladoga .

literature

  • Omeljan Pritsak : The origin of Rus . Cambridge, Mass., Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, 1981, ISBN 0-674-64465-4 , pp. 370ff.
  • Мельникова Е. А .: Культ святого Олафа в Новгороде и Константинополе ( Cult of St. Olaf in Novgorod and Constantinople ). In: Византийский временник , Moscow 1996
  • Рыбина Н. А .: Готский раскоп ( excavations in the Gothic courtyard ). In: Археол. изучение Новгорода , Moscow 1978, pp. 79-85

Remarks

  1. ↑ Sven B. Jansson: Runstenar , Stockholm 1980, ISBN 91-7156-015-7 , p.23
  2. ↑ Pritsak 370
  3. ↑ Pritsak 370f.
  4. ↑ Pritsak 371
  5. ↑ ("варяжская [церковь] на Търговищи")
  6. ↑ Pritsak 371, for 1217 it was referred to as a "Varangian prayer" ("варяжская божница")
  7. ↑ "В Новгороде нашли пломбу XV века с изображением святого Олафа", in: "Вокруг Света" September 26, 2007
  8. ↑ Задворный В., Юдин А .: История Католической Церкви в России ( History of the Catholic Church in Russia ), Moscow 1995, p. 73

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