Sanne Ledermann

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Susanne "Sanne" Ledermann (born October 7, 1928 in Berlin ; † November 19, 1943 in Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp ) was a German-Jewish girl who was murdered in the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp . Susanne became known as one of Anne Frank's best friends .

Life

Sanne Ledermann was born in Berlin in 1928 as the second daughter of the business lawyer and notary Franz Ledermann (1889–1943) and the Dutch pianist Ilse Luise Ledermann-Citroën (1904–1943) . Her sister Barbara (* 1925) was three years older than her. After the National Socialist seizure of power , Franz Ledermann lost numerous clients. As a Jewish lawyer, he was only allowed to represent Jews and eventually had to close his law firm. In 1933 he emigrated with his family to the Netherlands , where his wife's relatives lived. Ledermann settled in Amsterdam with his wife and children , where he and Hans Goslar opened an advice center for Jewish emigrants. Sanne became a student at the public Montessori school, where she quickly made friends with Hans Goslar's daughter Hanneli Goslar and her kindergarten friend Anne Frank . In June 1934, Sanne was one of the classmates Anne Frank invited for her fifth birthday - four months after Anne came to Amsterdam from Aachen . As a friend of Margot Frank, her sister Barbara was also a regular guest at the Franks' home.

Sanne Ledermann and Hanneli Goslar were Anne Frank's best friends. With classmates and playmates, the girls were seen as a tight-knit group: “Anne, Hanne and Sanne were the name of the trio for the other children who met to play on Merwedeplein . […] Of course, each of the three […] also had other girlfriends. Basically, however, the three of them were inseparable - and remained so when they got older. ”Anne Frank and Sanne Ledermann spent every Saturday together, while the Orthodox educated Hanneli Goslar attended Shabbat and spent Sunday with Anne. Sanne Ledermann, who was called "Susi" by her parents, but "Sanne" by Anne Frank, was considered a calm, intelligent child, but was more serious than Anne Frank. "Even when she smiled, there was a certain seriousness in the large, dark brown eyes of the petite girl". She shows the photos received while playing with her sister, Hanneli Goslar, Anne Frank and other friends in a sandpit, alone with Anne playing with tires and scooters or at Anne's side on the occasion of a photo taken on her 10th birthday in 1939.

In 1940 the German army occupied the Netherlands. From then on, Sanne Ledermann and Anne Frank had to attend the Jewish school, but they went to different schools. The contact with Anne Frank remained close. In July 1941, Sanne Ledermann went to Beekbergen near Apeldoorn with her parents, whom Anne Frank called "Uncle Frans" and "Aunt Ilse", and Anne Frank shared a room with Anne Frank. In the following years, however, the friendship weakened, as Anne Frank reached puberty earlier than Sanne. Among other things, she complained to her sister about Anne Frank's "boy stories", which she wrote down in her diary. At that time, Anne Frank was already discussing personal problems with her new confidante, Jacqueline van Maarsen . In the summer of 1942, Anne Frank's closer circle of friends now comprised Sanne Ledermann and Hanneli Goslar as well as Jaqueline van Maarsen and Ilse Wagner. The five of them founded the ping-pong club Der kleine Bär minus 2 and played table tennis together in Ilse Wagner's apartment. Sanne Ledermann became the "chairman of the association" and Jacqueline van Maarsen became secretary, while Anne Frank, Hanneli Goslar and Ilse Wagner were ordinary members. In summary, on the occasion of her birthday on June 14, 1942, Anne Frank wrote in her new diary: “Hanneli and Sanne used to be my best friends […] Ilse [Wagner] is Hanneli's best friend, and Sanne goes to another school and has her friends there . "

After Anne Frank and her family went into hiding, Sanne Ledermann remained in loose contact with Jacqueline van Maarsen, and the ping-pong club continued to exist. Sanne Ledermann and her parents were arrested by the National Socialists on June 20, 1943. They were taken to Westerbork transit camp , where they were detained for four months. As they were on the so-called “Palestinalist” of the International Red Cross , they were protected from deportation for a long time. On November 16, 1943, they were deported to the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp and murdered in the gas chamber on November 19, 1943 upon arrival .

Barbara Ledermann was able to escape the Nazis and was involved in the resistance with false papers under the name "Barbara Waarts". She emigrated to the USA in 1947, became an actor and in 1950 married the biochemist Martin Rodbell , who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1994.

reception

Michaela Horáková played the girl Sanne Ledermann in the 2001 two-part TV series Anne Frank .

In 2008 a “sensational find in a junk shop” became known: A postcard was discovered in a junk shop in Naarden , the Netherlands , which Anne Frank had sent from Aachen to Sanne Ledermann on December 31, 1937, wishing her all the best for the New Year .

literature

  • Melissa Müller : The girl Anne Frank. The biography . Claasen, Munich 1998.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Melissa Müller: The girl Anne Frank. The biography . Claasen, Munich 1998, p. 79.
  2. ↑ a b c Melissa Müller: The girl Anne Frank. The biography . Claasen, Munich 1998, p. 82.
  3. ↑ Melissa Müller: The girl Anne Frank. The biography . Claasen, Munich 1998, p. 98.
  4. ↑ Print e.g. B. in Mirjam Pressler (translator): Anne Frank diary . Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1998, p. 79.
  5. ↑ Print e.g. B. in: Mirjam Pressler (translator): Anne Frank diary . Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1998, p. 103.
  6. ↑ Melissa Müller: The girl Anne Frank. The biography . Claasen, Munich 1998, pp. 175-176.
  7. ↑ Melissa Müller: The girl Anne Frank. The biography . Claasen, Munich 1998, p. 178.
  8. ↑ Melissa Müller: The girl Anne Frank. The biography . Claasen, Munich 1998, p. 198; Entry from June 20, 1942. In: Mirjam Pressler (translator): Anne Frank diary . Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1998, p. 23.
  9. ↑ Cf. Jacqueline van Maarsen: My friend Anne Frank . Heyne, Munich 1997, p. 35.
  10. ^ Entry on June 14, 1942. In: Mirjam Pressler (translator): Anne Frank Diary . Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 1998, p. 14.
  11. ↑ Melissa Müller: The girl Anne Frank. The biography . Claasen, Munich 1998, pp. 381-382.
  12. ^ Anne Frank: The Whole Story in the Internet Movie Database (English)
  13. ↑ See postcard from Anne Frank emerged . spiegel.de
personal data
SURNAME Leather man, Sanne
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Leather man, Susanne
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-Jewish girl, friend of Anne Frank, victim of the Holocaust
DATE OF BIRTH October 7, 1928
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH November 19, 1943
Place of death Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp