Santiago Peralta

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Santiago M. Peralta Ramos (* 1887 in the province of Mendoza , Argentina ; †?) Was an influential Argentine racial researcher , head of the Argentine immigration service and the population policy Instituto Etnico Nacional under the government of Juan Perón .

Live and act

Peralta studied anthropology at the Philosophical Faculty of Buenos Aires. His specialty was skull measurements . One of his main activities was surveying army recruits. He got a job as a school principal and traveled in his spare time to continue his measurements on people in the Jewish settlements in the Entre Ríos province . In Germany he studied "applied anthropology " in 1932 and later became director of the Instituto Etnico Nacional . In November 1945 the colonels around Edelmiro Julián Farrell appointed him head of the immigration office.

In 1943 he published his "openly anti-Semitic book" La acción del pueblo judío en la Argentina. According to Uki Goñi , it brought “a clumsy, schematic-thinking mind caught up in militaristic concepts and could serve as proof in itself that racism arises from ignorance. It is perhaps the wildest anti-Semitic pamphlet ever published in Argentina to this day, and it appeared just as the news about Nazi concentration camps became public around the world. "

Peralta feared the " Jewish conspiracy " and believed that before his time immigration was "in their hands". Despite protests from liberal circles and from the Jewish community, Perón first confirmed Peralta in 1946 in his office. Only on June 7, 1947 he gave in to the pressure after the race expert was dismissed and replaced Peralta as head of the Dirección General de Migraciones by Pablo Diana (born April 9, 1897), who held this office until July 30, 1949. Santiago M. Peralta was director of the Instituto Etnico Nacional from its founding on May 25, 1946 (Decreto No. 4703) until his retirement on January 12, 1948 . His successor in this position was Salvador Canals wife.

As head of the immigration office, Peralta pursued a strict refusal of entry for Jewish refugees: "Peralta did everything possible to block Jewish immigration." In doing so, he continued the Argentine policy of "closed doors" for Jewish refugees. On the other hand, under the "advice" of Persón's secret service División Informaciones around Rodolfo Freude and former Nazi criminals and collaborators like Pierre Daye , Léon Degrelle , René Lagrou , Georges Guilbaud , Radu Ghenea , Jacques de Mahieu , Jan Durcansky , Branko Benzón and Charles Lesca an "immigration of the elites". This meant Nazi war criminals who were brought to Argentina for the " anti-communist struggle in the service of the Argentine National Revolution " with the support of the Catholic Church in order to remove them from jurisdiction. At the same time, Peralta ensured the economically necessary immigration boom. The urgently needed workforce should be selected according to population policy criteria. Person created the Instituto Etnico Nacional and entrusted Peralta with its management: “What took place was an“ ethnicization of immigration ”( Leonardo Senkman ), which promoted the entry of Roman immigrants in particular of the Catholic faith, because an imaginary ' homo mediterranus ' supposedly promoted the The core of the ' raza argentina '. Once again, Jews, the survivors of the Holocaust, who waited to leave Europe as Displaced Persons in war-ravaged Europe, were considered to be undesirable immigrants. There was no space for them in " New Argentina " either. "

Publications

  • Antropología: la talla militar argentina, 1922, 96 pages, doctorate with Robert Lehmann-Nitsche .
  • Las capitulaciones matrimoniales y nuestro Código Civil, Tesis, 1937
  • Influencia del pueblo árabe en la Argentina: apuntos sobre inmigración, Buenos Aires 1942, 441 pages ( limited preview in the Google book search)
  • La acción del Pueblo Judío en la Argentina, 1943 ( limited preview in Google Book search)
  • with Saifuddin Rahhal: Koran translation , Buenos Aires 1945.
  • with JR Gonzalez Moreno, Memorias de un conscripto, 1950, 235 pp.

See also

literature

  • Theo Bruns: Argentina and the “undesirables”. After 1938, Jewish refugees could often only enter in secret or with forged papers . In: Ila 298 [4]
  • Theo Bruns: Mass exodus of Nazi war criminals to Argentina. The largest escape aid operation in criminal history . In: ila 299 [5]
  • David Cook-Martin: The Scramble for Citizens: Dual Nationality and State Competition for Immigrants. Stanford University Press, 2013, ISBN 9780804784757 , pp. 77 ff. ( Limited preview in Google book search).
  • Uki Goñi : Odessa. The true story. Escape aid for Nazi war criminals . Association A, Berlin / Hamburg 2006, ISBN 3-935936-40-0 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  • Maria Luiza Tucci Carneiro: O anti-semitismo nas Américas: memória e história. Editora de Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 2007, ISBN 978-85-314-1050-5 , p. 162 ( limited preview in Google book search).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Uki Goñi: Odessa. The true story. Escape aid for Nazi war criminals . Association A, Berlin / Hamburg 2006, pp. 57–61.
  2. ↑ a b Uki Goñi: Odessa. The true story. Escape aid for Nazi war criminals . Association A, Berlin / Hamburg 2006 pp. 57–61. Quote: p. 58.
  3. ↑ a b Theo Bruns: Argentina and the "unwanted". After 1938, Jewish refugees could often only enter in secret or with forged papers . In: Ila 298 [1] , based on: Uki Goñi: Odessa. The true story. Escape aid for Nazi war criminals. Berlin / Hamburg 2006.
  4. ^ Theo Bruns: Mass exodus of Nazi war criminals to Argentina. The largest escape aid operation in criminal history . In: ila 299 [2] , Theo Bruns: Argentina and the “unwanted”. After 1938, Jewish refugees could often only enter in secret or with forged papers. In: Ila 298 [3] , based on: Uki Goñi: Odessa. The true story. Escape aid for Nazi war criminals. Berlin / Hamburg 2006.
personal data
SURNAME Peralta, Santiago
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Peralta Ramos, Santiago M.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Argentine racialist and head of the Argentine immigration service
DATE OF BIRTH 1887
PLACE OF BIRTH Province of Mendoza , Argentina
DATE OF DEATH 20th century