Sbor národní bezpečnosti

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Sbor národní bezpečnosti (SNB), Slovakian Zbor národnej bezpečnosti (ZNB) (German about Corps for National Security ) was the higher-level authority for police and secret service tasks in Czechoslovakia after 1945.

history

In advance, considerations were made about the future security structure of Czechoslovakia in the context of the negotiations on the Košice program , which was adopted on April 5, 1945 in Košice; As early as April 4, President Beneš, with his decree 1/1945, had designated the Ministry of the Interior, the future administrative authority, among other things. The restructuring of the police services for post-war Czechoslovakia was decided on April 17, 1945 in the government of Zdeněk Fierlinger I (the so-called "Kosice government"). In the background was the interest of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in getting the security organs of the future state under its control at an early stage. The previous police ( četnictvo ), the state police and the local police were disbanded.

The corps was to manage all police and secret service sub-areas of national security:

  • Veřejná bezpečnost VB (Corps for Public Security) should carry out all previous police tasks, including those of the criminal investigation department
  • Státní bezpečnost StB (State Security) was supposed to conduct both internal and external intelligence activities.

The workers, whose ideological review was pending, were first recruited from members of the Revolutionary Guards, national militias, company militias and from the old police apparatus. In October 1945 the strength of the apparatus was estimated at 34,396. Special attention was paid to the border area, especially the Sudetes . From the government's point of view, the presence of security forces there was unsatisfactory, which is why the border police department of the SNB ( Pohraniční útvary SNB ) was set up at the beginning of 1946 .

The SNB was under the Ministry of the Interior and has therefore been under the control of the Communist Interior Minister Václav Nosek from the start . In the period 1950–1953, the management of the authority was outsourced to the Ministry of National Security, which was newly established according to the Soviet model and which was merged with the Ministry of the Interior again after barely three years. From 1969, after the creation of the Federal State ( ČSSR ), responsibilities were regulated as follows:

  • Veřejná bezpečnost VB was subject to the Czech and Slovak Ministry of the Interior
  • State Security StB was subject to the Federal Ministry of the Interior

The National Security Corps (SNB) was dissolved in 1991.

Work-up

The Institute for the Study of Totalitarian Regimes is responsible for dealing with the totalitarian past and has the task of “examining the criminal and reprehensible organizations based on the ideology of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and their activities between 1948 and 1990 on the suppression of human rights and a democratic system "

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The “European Network of Authorities Responsible for Secret Police Files” , pp. 18–29: Institute for Research into Totalitarian Regimes and Archives of Security Services: Czech Republic