Shahr-e Gholghola
| Shahr-e Gholghola | |
|---|---|
| place | Bamiyan , Afghanistan |
| Heyday | about 6th - 10th centuries as the main settlement of the city of Bamiyan |
| Year of construction of the fortress | circa 10th century |
| Given up | in 1221 AD by siege of Genghis Khan |
| Coordinates: 34 ° 49 ′ 35 ″ N , 67 ° 49 ′ 18 ″ E | |
Schahr-e Gholghola (also Shahr-i Ghulghulah , Persian شهر غلغله, DMG Šahr-i Ġulġula , 'city of turmoil') is a partially destroyed Islamic fortress located in the Bamiyan province in central Afghanistan . In 1221, Genghis Khan completely devastated the city, killing the residents. From the 6th to the 10th century, the main settlement of the then politically, militarily and economically important city of Bamiyan was located on the site of today's destroyed fortress. Since 2003 UNESCO has declared the entire cultural landscape of the valley a World Heritage Site.
geography
The remains of the fortress from the 13th century are located near today's city of Bamiyan in the Bamiyan Valley at an altitude of around 2,400 meters. It is about 20 minutes' walk from today's city of Bamiyan.
history
In 1220 the great empire of the Khorezm Shahs in the north of this place collapsed under the attacks of the Mongols under Genghis Khan and Shah Muhammad II died while fleeing. To save the paternal inheritance, Muhammad's eldest son and successor, Jalal ad-Din, fled from Khorezm to the southeast. The Mongols pursued him and came to Bamiyan. Bamiyan's then ruler Jalaludin initially defended the fortress, but was betrayed by her own daughter, who was angry about her father's remarriage. She revealed a secret entrance to the besiegers in the hope of being rewarded with an engagement to the Mongol ruler. After it was completely destroyed, several decades passed before the city was repopulated.
In the Bamiyan Valley, until their destruction by the Taliban in March 2001, there were also the culturally and historically valuable Buddha statues that the Taliban groups wanted to blow up in 1997. Although politicians and the military were able to avert it by a UN intervention initially, blew up on 12 March 2001 Taliban guerrillas on the orders of Mullah Mohammed Omar , the statues.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ George C. Kohn: Dictionary of Wars. 1986, 3rd Edition New York, 2007. p. 55. ISBN 0-8160-6577-2 .
- ^ Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley. accessed on January 7, 2015.
- ↑ World Heritage List , accessed January 5, 2015.
- ↑ Committee Decisions 27 COM 8C.43 , accessed January 5, 2015.
- ↑ a b David Curiel: Bamiyan Valley. May 14, 2009. Sacred Land Film Project , accessed January 5, 2015.
- ^ R. Ernest Dupuy , Trevor N. Dupuy : The Harpers Encyclopedia of Military History. Harper Collins Publishers, 1993, p. 366.
- ↑ Shahr-e Gholghola. Bamyian. Afghanistan. Lonely Planet , accessed January 5, 2015
- ↑ X. de Planhol: Bamian - Section III .: Modern Town and District. Encyclopædia Iranica, December 15, 1988, accessed January 4, 2015.
- ^ A b Kosaku Maeda: The Mural Paintings of the Buddhas of Bamiyan: Description and Conservation Operations. In: Juliette van Krieken-Pieters (Ed.): Art and Archeology of Afghanistan - Its Fall and Survival. Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden 2006, ISBN 978-90-04-15182-6 (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 8 Uralic & Central Asian Studies, Volume 14), p. 143.